PTPN11 mutations in adult acute myeloid leukaemia: Prevalence and clinical implications in the context of NPM1 mutation

Abstract

More than 90% of NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukaemia (NPM1mut AML) patients have been determined to harbour other known concurrent mutations. However, there is limited data on the frequency of PTPN11 and its clinical impact in NPM1mut AML. Next-generation sequencing(NGS) was performed retrospectively on 112 genes in 254 patients with NPM1mut AML. Overall, 33 PTPN11 mutations were detected in 29 of the 254 patients (11.42%) screened. PTPN11 alterations were exclusively missense mutations affecting residues located within the N-SH2 (n = 25) and PTP (n = 8) domains and clustered overwhelmingly in exon 3 (n = 25). NPM1mut AML patients with mutant PTPN11 had significant associations with mutations in epigenetic regulators(TET2, IDH1/2, and DNMT3A) (72.41% vs. 46.67%, P = 0.009) and cohesins (RAD21,SMC1A, and SMC3)(10.34% vs. 1.33%, P = 0.02) compared to patients with wild-type PTPN11. Among the patients treated with intensive chemotherapy, the differences in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) between those with mutant and wild-type PTPN11 were not significant (P = 0.4, 0.83, respectively). In conclusion, PTPN11 mutations were frequently identified in NPM1mut AML patients and clustered in exon 3. PTPN11 mutations more frequently co-occurred with mutations involving epigenetic regulators but had no impact on prognosis.