Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the protective mechanisms afforded by pterostilbene against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion ( II/R ) injury in Wistar rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: Control group; intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (II/R) group; pterostilbene only group (20 mg/kg) of body weight and pterostilbene followed by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (II/R) treated group. The study evaluated oxidative stress markers, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxide levels, protein carbonyl content, antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione content) and membrane-bound ATPase activity. The levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, including nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), were also evaluated.Results: The results showed that pterostilbene (20 mg/kg) followed by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (II/R) significantly lowered the level of lipid peroxidation (41.33 %), protein carbonyl content (PCC, 44.18 %) and ROS (29.14 %) (p < 0.001) but significantly restored membrane-bound ATPase activities (Ca2+ATPase, 30.76 %; Na+/K+ATPase, 21.42 %; Mg2+ATPase, 30.06 %) (p < 0.003), compared with rats induced with II/R. Furthermore, pterostilbene significantly down-regulated NF-κB and COX-2 expressions (30 %, p < 0.05) compared to rats with II/R injury.Conclusion: The study reveals that pterostilbene offers significant protective activity in rats owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Highlights
Intestinal ischemic reperfusion (II/R) injury occurs during aneurysm surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass, strangulated hernias and intestinal transplantation [1]
The study reveals that pterostilbene offers significant protective activity in rats owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research is indexed by Science Citation Index (SciSearch), Scopus, International Pharmaceutical Abstract, Chemical Abstracts, Embase, Index Copernicus, EBSCO, African
Summary
Intestinal ischemic reperfusion (II/R) injury occurs during aneurysm surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass, strangulated hernias and intestinal transplantation [1]. In II/R injury, interruption of the blood supply causes ischemic injury which results in tissue damage. Restoration of blood flow to ischemic site results in reperfusion injury, which further exacerbates oxidative stress than that of initial ischemic injury. Reports have demonstrated that alteration in the absorptive function of the intestine occurs following II/R injury [2]. Pathogenesis of intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI) are known to be mediated through reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, nitric oxide, inflammatory cytokines, complement activation and polymorph nuclear neutrophil [3]. An imbalance in redox homeostasis at the cellular level is the first major deleterious
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