Abstract
It has been demonstrated that skeletal muscle adaptions, including muscle fibers transition, angiogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis are involved in the regular exercise-induced improvement of endurance capacity and metabolic status. Herein, we investigated the effects of pterostilbene (PST) supplementation on skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise training in rats. Six-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sedentary control group (Sed), an exercise training group (Ex), and exercise training combined with 50 mg/kg PST (Ex + PST) treatment group. After 4 weeks of intervention, an exhaustive running test was performed, and muscle fiber type transformation, angiogenesis, and mitochondrial content in the soleus muscle were measured. Additionally, the effects of PST on muscle fiber transformation, paracrine regulation of angiogenesis, and mitochondrial function were tested in vitro using C2C12 myotubes. In vivo study showed that exercise training resulted in significant increases in time-to-exhaustion, the proportion of slow-twitch fibers, muscular angiogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis in rats, and these effects induced by exercise training could be augmented by PST supplementation. Moreover, the in vitro study showed that PST treatment remarkably promoted slow-twitch fibers formation, angiogenic factor expression, and mitochondrial function in C2C12 myotubes. Collectively, our results suggest that PST promotes skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise training thereby enhancing the endurance capacity.
Highlights
Regular endurance exercise improves endurance capacity and prevents metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases [1,2].Exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptions play a key role in enhanced exercise performance and metabolic benefits [3]
1.30-fold (p < 0.05), suggesting that PST supplementation during exercise training period dramatically augmented the effect of exercise training on endurance capacity
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Summary
Exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptions play a key role in enhanced exercise performance and metabolic benefits [3]. Skeletal muscle is composed of myofibers with distinct contractile and metabolic properties, thereby enabling different types of muscle to perform specific motor activities [4,5]. Myofibers are classified into slow-twitch, known as type I, and fast-twitch, known as type. II fibers, according to their contractile properties and the expression of specific isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MHC). There are four MyHC isoforms including MyHC-I, MyHC-IIa, MyHC-IIx, and. Fibers predominantly expressing MyHC-I are termed type I fibers, while fibers predominantly expressing MyHC-IIa, MyHC-IIx, and MyHC-IIb are termed type IIA, type IIX, and type IIB fibers, respectively. Type I and type IIA fibers display oxidative
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