PSYCHOTHERAPY: DISCUSSION ISSUES OF TRAINING AND ACTIVITIES OF PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC PROFESSIONALS

Abstract

The article deals with highlighting of the results of psychological problem analysis demanded by the current state of the development of psychotherapy – medical and psychological science and practice of treatment by word; establishing the relationship between psychology, psychiatry and psychotherapy, which has been recently formed in the world practice on providing psychological care; identifying the ideas of scientists and practitioners working in the field of psychotherapy, the strategies and tactics of training future psychotherapists in universities. The article presents debatable, sometimes diametrically opposed, views of domestic and foreign scientists (physicians, practicing psychotherapists and supervisors) on the definition of their own, different from each other, subjects in psychology, psychiatry and psychotherapy - sciences related to a common object of study – the human psyche, as well as which of the specialists who provide psychological assistance has the right to work as a psychotherapist. Considerable attention in the content of this article is paid to the explanation of what points of view exist in the representatives of science, public organizations, medicine and psychology on the delimitation of psychotherapeutic functions and powers of psychotherapists at present; showing how the competencies of psychiatrists, psychologists, psychoanalysts, medical psychotherapists and psychologists-psychotherapists differ, and what are the specific differences between them. The traditions and author’s understanding of training the future psychotherapists in medical and psychological institutions of higher education and retraining of specialists in the field of psychotherapy, as well as the role and importance of psycholinguistic knowledge, discursive skills, abilities and competencies in psychotherapeutic education are described. The results of monitoring the content of training the psychotherapists in medical and psychological institutions of higher education in the specialties: “clinical psychology”, “psychotherapy” are shown, the imperfection characteristic for the current psychotherapeutic education are described, and it is emphasized on existing of the problem of significant terminological disorder not only among the names of specialities acording to which the psychotherapists are trained, but also in the educational and professional qualifications received by future specialists. It is proved that regardless of the medical or psychological sphere in psychotherapy, it cannot exist and develop in a promising direction without applied psycholinguistics, which equips it with scientifically substatiated rational means, in particular speech-language psychotechnics, metamodels of psychological (discursive) influence, samples of psychotherapeutic discourses providing lapidary effective intervention in the subconscious and conscious layers of the psyche of clients / patients.