Abstract
BackgroundUnderstanding the correlates of dietary intake is necessary in order to effectively promote healthy dietary behavior among children and adolescents. A literature review was conducted on the correlates of the following categories of dietary intake in children and adolescents: Fruit, Juice and Vegetable Consumption, Fat in Diet, Total Energy Intake, Sugar Snacking, Sweetened Beverage Consumption, Dietary Fiber, Other Healthy Dietary Consumption, and Other Less Healthy Dietary Consumption in children and adolescents.MethodsCross-sectional and prospective studies were identified from PubMed, PsycINFO and PsycArticles by using a combination of search terms. Quantitative research examining determinants of dietary intake among children and adolescents aged 3–18 years were included. The selection and review process yielded information on country, study design, population, instrument used for measuring intake, and quality of research study.ResultsSeventy-seven articles were included. Many potential correlates have been studied among children and adolescents. However, for many hypothesized correlates substantial evidence is lacking due to a dearth of research. The correlates best supported by the literature are: perceived modeling, dietary intentions, norms, liking and preferences. Perceived modeling and dietary intentions have the most consistent and positive associations with eating behavior. Norms, liking, and preferences were also consistently and positively related to eating behavior in children and adolescents. Availability, knowledge, outcome expectations, self-efficacy and social support did not show consistent relationships across dietary outcomes.ConclusionThis review examined the correlates of various dietary intake; Fruit, Juice and Vegetable Consumption, Fat in Diet, Total Energy Intake, Sugar Snacking, Sweetened Beverage Consumption, Dietary Fiber, Other Healthy Dietary Consumption, and Other Less Healthy Dietary Consumption in cross-sectional and prospective studies for children and adolescents. The correlates most consistently supported by evidence were perceived modeling, dietary intentions, norms, liking and preferences. More prospective studies on the psychosocial determinants of eating behavior using broader theoretical perspectives should be examined in future research.
Highlights
Understanding the correlates of dietary intake is necessary in order to effectively promote healthy dietary behavior among children and adolescents
Research has repeatedly shown that theory-based interventions that are guided by relevant behavioral theories are more likely to significantly impact dietary behaviors in youth [11,12,13]
Papers published in English, between 1990 and May 2009, describing psychosocial factors related to dietary intake were considered for review
Summary
Understanding the correlates of dietary intake is necessary in order to effectively promote healthy dietary behavior among children and adolescents. To develop effective dietary interventions for children and adolescents, it is necessary to understand the factors that determine eating behavior in these populations. Theory-based research is fundamental to the understanding of health behaviors by providing a framework by which to examine the relationships among constructs [11,14,15,16], to assess the impact of the various constructs [11,14,17], and to delineate factors and determinants to be studied [11,15,16,18]. A good theory indicates methods of intervention and evaluation [11,15,16,18]
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