Psychophysiological reactivity of salt-sensitive normotensive subjects.

Abstract

To evaluate the psychophysiological response to mental stress of young healthy salt-sensitive normotensive subjects. Thirty-two healthy volunteers who had previously been phenotyped for salt sensitivity were selected for the study. The 16 salt-sensitive and 16 salt-resistant subjects, who were matched for age, body mass index and family history of hypertension, underwent a mental stress test consisting of an information-processing task performed under time pressure (the Manometer test). During the experimental session the blood pressure, heart rate and pulse-wave velocity were registered continuously. Before and after the mental task subjects were instructed to complete several standardized psychological state and trait questionnaires. Mental stress resulted in a greater rise in blood pressure (P < 0.05) and in pulse-wave velocity (P < 0.01) in salt-sensitive than in salt-resistant individuals. Salt-sensitive subjects also displayed significantly higher levels of anxiety (P < 0.01) and a lower level of control of anger (P < 0.01) than did salt-resistant subjects. Furthermore, the level of irritation of the salt-sensitive subjects was higher both before (P < 0.01) and after (P < 0.05) the stress test An increased responsiveness of the blood pressure to mental stress and an increased level of irritation are associated with salt sensitivity in normotensive subjects. These findings are in line with the hypothesis that psychophysiological traits play a role in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension.