Abstract
Global infectious pandemics can affect the psychology and behavior of human beings. Several tools were developed to evaluate the psychological impact of such outbreaks. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Arabic translated version of Fear of Illness and Virus Evaluation scale (FIVE). FIVE is a 35-item tool consisting of four subscales that measure Fears about Contamination and Illness, Fears about Social Distancing, Behaviors Related to Illness and Virus Fears and Impact of Illness and Virus Fears. The tool was translated into Arabic by using a forward–backward translation. The online questionnaire contained the following sections: demographics, FIVE, Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and face validity questions. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to recruit participants via a mobile instant messaging application. Reliability, concurrent validity, face validity and factor analysis were examined. The data consisted of 509 adult participants who reside in Saudi Arabia. The internal consistency of the Arabic FIVE subscales was high (0.84–0.91) with strong concurrent validity indicated by positive correlations of FIVE subscales with FCV-19S. Factor analysis suggested slightly different factor structures (Fears of Getting Sick, Fears that Others Get Sick, Fears of the Impact on Social Life and Behaviors Related to Illness and Virus Fears). Our data showed a better fit using the proposed structures. The Arabic version of the FIVE showed robust validity and reliability qualities to assess fear of COVID-19 on Arabic adult population.
Highlights
The psychology of human beings can be shaped by surrounding events such as global infectious threats [1]
Dr Jill Ehrenreich-May had developed Fear of Illness and Virus Evaluation scale in English (FIVE), a 35-item self-report measure consisting of four subscales; Fears about Contamination and Illness, Fears about Social Distancing, Behaviors Related to Illness and Virus Fears and Impact of Illness and Virus Fears [24]
Mental health is well using various validated measuring tools facilitates understanding how people documented in the literature [35,36]
Summary
The psychology of human beings can be shaped by surrounding events such as global infectious threats [1]. We are vulnerable to struggle from a number of psychological problems during outbreaks such as fear, anxiety, distress and depression. Fear is a normal defensive emotion either innate or acquired [2]. It consists of a sequence of biological steps to prepare humans for a dreadful incident [2]. Excessive or chronic fear can be pathological leading to anxiety, depression and other psychological diseases or boost pre-existing conditions [3,4,5]. Infectious outbreaks have increased in recent decades due to globalization. As the number of cases increased, China announced in January 2020 that a
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