Abstract
The improvement of the evaporation process can significantly improve water production and the overall efficiency of a solar humidification-dehumidification (HDH) system. This study experimentally investigates the use of novel packing materials to improve the performance of the humidification process. Contact time and area between sprayed water and surrounding air are two critical parameters that considerably influence evaporation. Therefore, using selected packing materials inside the humidifier can increase these two parameters. A wet cooling tower facility is used as a humidifier with instrumentations installed to measure the inlet and outlet air and water conditions. Among different materials tested, it is found that fine-grain foam has the maximum specific humidity difference at different operating temperatures. At a high-water flow rate of 80 L/h and low water temperature of 60 °C, the gain output ratio (GOR) is evaluated to be 4.23. Moreover, a solar HDH system includes a solar collector, out of three options, and a thermal storage (TES), and HDH unit is designed and modeled to provide the required heat. For solar collectors, flat-plate, parabolic-trough, and evacuated-tube are considered. It is found that the flat-plate collector has a maximum efficiency of more than 70% while producing over 25 L/d/m2 of distilled water.
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