Abstract
The objective of this study was to validate the translated Malay version of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q-M) scale among Malaysian primary school children using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Q-LES-Q-M measures the level of enjoyment and satisfaction experienced with relation to physical health, feelings, homework, and leisure. The participants were 607 Malay students, 240 (39.5%) boys and 367 (60.5%) girls, with an age range from 10 to 11 years old. The original version of the Q-LES-Q was translated into the Malay language by forward to backward translation procedures with consideration for the local culture and suitable vocabulary for primary school students. The participants then completed the Q-LES-Q-M. CFA was performed using Mplus 8 software. Using CFA, the initial model did not result in a good data fit. Further analysis of the CFA suggested some changes to the model to improve the fit indices. Model modification included the deletion of three problematic items and co-varying some error items. This resulted in improved fit indices and 40 items remained in the final model. The final model showed good reliability based on two indicators of composite reliability (CR) and Cronbach’s alpha (CA). The factors with their CR and CA were physical activity (CR = 0.857, CA = 0.854), feelings (CR = 0.808, CA = 0.813), homework (CR = 0.837, CA = 0.837) and leisure (CR = 0.742, CA = 0.737). The final measurement consists of 40 items. The retained items were deemed suitable for Malay primary school children. The revised Q-LES-Q-M with 40 items is suitable for measuring the levels of children’s involvement in determining the enjoyment and satisfaction of learning and physical activity.
Highlights
The hypothesized Quality of Life and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q)-M measurement model consists of 4 factors with 43 items, namely physical health (13 questions), feelings (14 questions), homework (10 questions), and leisure time (6 questions)
QOL [13,28,29] as well as involvement in physical activity, the Q-LES-Q is very suitable to be used as a measure of quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction, which is a wider scope than other questionnaires because the Q-LES-Q questionnaire has been widely tested worldwide [14,18,30,31]
This study showed that the original English version of the Q-LES-Q could be successfully adapted to Malay with satisfactory psychometric properties of validity and reliability among primary students in Malaysia
Summary
Emotional, spiritual, intellectual, and social needs have been shown to have a higher level of self-discipline [1,2]. These balanced components of the self can be achieved via participation in games and physical activity [3]. Play makes children learn to solve cognitive, motor, and social problems [6] that will develop their social and emotional competence [7]. It allows students to learn to solve a variety of problems (cognitive, motor, and social) that contribute to their intellectual development [4,8].
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