Abstract
Caring is a key component of nursing. Exploring patients' perceptions of caring behaviors is essential to providing high-quality health care. This study aimed to investigate the validity, reliability, and internal consistency of the Greek version of the Caring Behaviors Inventory-16. This descriptive cross-sectional study involved hospitalized patients from six major hospitals in Greece who completed the Caring Behaviors Inventory-16 scale. This is a self-completing questionnaire whose answers range from one to six on a Likert-type scale. The overall score ranges from 16 to 96. To study the reliability of the scale, 50 patients completed the scale twice within two weeks, and then the repeatability was tested using the Pearson’s r correlation coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Construct validity and internal consistency were tested among 180 patients. Construct validity was tested through the principal component analysis. The internal consistency was tested through Cronbach’s alpha index. The statistical analysis was performed through the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics Version 21.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. The study was conducted in the period October-December 2019. According to the results, the average age of patients was 58 years old and 50.6% were men. The mean value of the scale was 79.31 (standard deviation ± 15.75). The principal component analysis showed that the scale is unidimensional highlighting one factor that explains 68.24% of the total variance. Questions loadings ranged from 0.575 to 0.912 on the same factor. This means that all questions measure the same structure and are strongly concentrated in the same construction. Regarding the repeatability test, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two measurements. Pearson's r coefficient was 0.82 while the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.91 (p<0.001) and indicate the very good reliability of the scale. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.967 and indicates the excellent internal consistency of the scale. Data analysis showed that the Caring Behaviors Inventory-16 is a valid, reliable, simple, and short tool for assessing patients' perceptions of caring behaviors. Further tests are suggested to confirm the construct validity, reliability among patients, nurses, or nursing students.
Highlights
Nursing is the basic component and the cornerstone of caring
Given that the previous questionnaires are large in extent, this study aimed to explore the construct validity, reliability, and internal consistency of the Greek version of the Caring Behaviors Inventory scale (CBI)-16 in a sample of hospitalized patients in Greece
The construct validity and reliability of the Greek version of the Caring Behaviors Inventory-16 (CBI-16) are supported by patients
Summary
Nursing is the basic component and the cornerstone of caring. A body of knowledge has been produced about caring, the concept remains unclear and elusive, difficult to define, and more difficult to measure or observe [1]. It manifests in day-to-day nursing practice, and most scholars are using caring behaviors as a functional term to describe and explain care. The ethical dimension of care includes respect and dignity of the patient’s personality, regardless of race, gender, age, socioeconomic status of the patient, or the nature of the disease. The ethical component is a key element in building successful therapeutic relationships and communication between nurses and patients in order to achieve goals, such as patient information, education, and satisfaction [3]
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