Abstract
Premonitory urges (PUs) are sensory phenomena that immediately precede tics. The Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) is widely used to assess the severity of PUs, but the psychometric properties of PUTS and clinical features of PU in Chinese patients with tic disorders are still unclear. In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the PUTS in a large sample (including 367 Chinese pediatric patients with tic disorders). We found no difference in PU in different age groups. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of PUTS showed the emergence of four primary factors. The results of reliability and validity analyses indicated that the Chinese version showed good psychometric properties. It seemed that PU was associated with the severity of obsession symptoms in patients with tic disorders. Network analysis showed that Item 7 is a critical node for the PU, in addition to Items 1 and 4. Overall, the Chinese version of PUTS can be used in Chinese child and adolescent patients with tic disorders, particularly for patients with Tourette syndrome.
Highlights
Premonitory urges (PUs) are sensory phenomena that immediately precede tics (Conceicao et al, 2017)
To investigate the age effects of PU, we performed a t-test to compare the differences between the Younger group and the Older group
We found no difference in Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) and Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) (p < 0.05), but there was a significant difference found in CY-BOCS (p = 0.013)
Summary
Premonitory urges (PUs) are sensory phenomena that immediately precede tics (Conceicao et al, 2017). PUs include both sensory feelings (i.e., itch or pressure in certain bodily areas) and mental phenomena (i.e., an uncountable feeling of “not just right” or “incomplete”) (Cox et al, 2018). It is reported that over 90% of patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) experience PUs (Leckman et al, 1993). It has been reported that PU plays an important role in the tic generation (Rae et al, 2019). This has led some experts to recommend that the PU could be considered as a target symptom in reducing the tic symptoms (Nissen et al, 2019a,b)
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