Abstract
BackgroundFunctional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM) is one of the most widely used tools assessing adolescent's non-suicidal self-injury. However, the Chinese version of FASM (C-FASM) is lacking. The present study aimed to adapt the FASM to the Chinese patients and examine its reliability and validity.MethodsThe original English version of the FASM was translated into Chinese following Brislin's model of cross-culture translation, and then, pilot study and cognitive interview were carried out with 15 adolescent patients to assess the acceptability and comprehensibility of all items. The items were subsequently tested in a sample of 621 Chinese adolescent patients recruited by 20 psychiatric or general hospitals in nine provinces across China. We examined the distribution of responses for each item. Factor analysis, Cronbach's α and McDonald's Ω, intraclass coefficient, and Spearman's rank correlations were deployed to assess the dimensional structure, internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability, and criterion validity.ResultsThe final adapted C-FASM included a 10-item method checklist and a 15-item function checklist of NSSI, and other characteristics of NSSI. C-FASM exhibited acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.81 and Ω = 0.80 for method checklist; α = 0.80 and Ω = 0.76 for function checklist) and test–retest reliability (method checklist: 0.79; function checklist: 0.87). Factor analysis for NSSI functions yielded a three-factor model with a good model fit. In addition, the instrument showed an expected correlation with the instrument of the Deliberate Self-Harm Behavior Inventory (r = 0.84, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe C-FASM has good content, structural validity, and reliability. The instrument can be helpful to Chinese adolescents as a comprehensive measure of NSSI behaviors.
Highlights
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to the direct, deliberate self-harm of one’s body tissue without suicidal intent, and the purposes are not socially sanctioned [1]
The instrument can be helpful to Chinese adolescents as a comprehensive measure of NSSI behaviors
To ensure the validity of the C-Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM)’s content, a pilot study and cognitive interviews were conducted among 15 adolescents to test the content validity of Chinese version of FASM (C-FASM)
Summary
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to the direct, deliberate self-harm of one’s body tissue without suicidal intent, and the purposes are not socially sanctioned [1]. NSSI behaviors in adolescents have fueled concerns in China due to the high prevalence, ranging from 12 to 24% in adolescents [4, 5]. Most assessments, such as the inventory of Statements of Self-Injury [6], Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Tool, and Deliberate Self-Harm Behavior Inventory [7], only assess the methods of NSSI. The Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM) [8] measures the methods and functions of NSSI at the same time, providing essential measurement to guide the self-injury intervention [9]. Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM) is one of the most widely used tools assessing adolescent’s non-suicidal self-injury. The present study aimed to adapt the FASM to the Chinese patients and examine its reliability and validity
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