Abstract
Aim of the study: The Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) is a semi-structured self-report that has been developed to record a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Moreover, the CECA.Q has been widely used in subjects with psychotic disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate psychometric properties of the Polish version of the CECA.Q in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Material and methods: The CECA.Q was administered to 127 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (aged 39.1 ± 13.8 years, 48.0% males). Internal consistency was assessed using the Cronbach’s and polychoric correlations. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using the unweighted least squares estimation method. Results: The Cronbach’s was as follows: 0.835 for mother antipathy, 0.780 for mother neglect, 0.845 for father antipathy, 0.849 for father neglect, 0.787 for mother physical abuse, 0.831 for father physical abuse and 0.870 for sexual abuse, indicating acceptable-to-good internal consistency. Correlations of single item scores with the total scores of specific categories of ACEs were significant. The CFA confirmed factorial structure of the CECA.Q with acceptable goodness-of-fit indices. Conclusions: The present study indicates good psychometric properties of the CECA.Q in subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This self-report can be implemented by studies investigating ACEs in this clinical population in Poland.
Highlights
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including sexual, physical and emotional abuse are reported by more than one third of individuals with psychotic disorders [1]
The present study indicates good psychometric properties of the CECA.Q in subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
This self-report can be implemented by studies investigating ACEs in this clinical population in Poland
Summary
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including sexual, physical and emotional abuse are reported by more than one third of individuals with psychotic disorders [1]. According to a recent meta-analysis, these include dissociation, emotional dysregulation, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and negative schemata [7]. It unlikely that this association follow a simple pathogenetic pathway. One hypothesis providing explanation for these observations is that ACEs act upon other vulnerabilities that make individuals more prone to develop psychosis These vulnerabilities might include genetic backgrounds and environmental factors that affect critical periods of brain development. It has been shown that certain genetic polymorphisms may impact a risk of psychotic-like experiences or overt psychosis [8] These include, i.e., variants located in genes encoding proteins involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission and functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. It has been postulated that adopting more complex models may better explain or predict the development of psychosis than investigating single risk factors
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