Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the factorial structure, reliability, and validity of the Bengali version of the brief Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (QSU-Brief) tool in a sample of Bangladeshi smokers. The Bengali version QSU-Brief scale’s reliability and validity were assessed on the basis of the data provided by 460 Bangladeshi smokers. To substantiate the data reliability, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were measured. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), was conducted to validate the psychometric properties of the 10-item-QSU-Brief tool. The questionnaire showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.94; Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.91; p<0.001). The EFA and CFA confirmed that a two-factor solution explained 75.1% of the total variance and considered the best item structure of the Bengali version of QSU-Brief across the current study setting. The first factor reflected a strong desire to smoke, which comprised items 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, and 10. While the second factor displayed expectation of relief from the negative implications, which contained items 4, 7, and 8. The study findings showed that the Bengali QSU-Brief had good reliability, validity, and factorial structure. Therefore, this tool could be an excellent candidate to evaluate smoking urges in Bangladeshi settings.
Highlights
More than a billion people worldwide smokes which majority are from low- and middle-income countries (World Health Organization, 2019)
The Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed that a two-factor solution explained 75.1% of the total variance and considered the best item structure of the Bengali version of Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (QSU)-Brief across the current study setting
The concurrent validity of the tool was measured by establishing the correlation between the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND), modified reasons for smoking scale-21 (MRSS-21), number of cigarettes smoked per day, and duration of smoking
Summary
More than a billion people worldwide smokes which majority are from low- and middle-income countries (World Health Organization, 2019). The tools that were used to assess ‘craving’ previously had limitation regarding psychometric properties, reliability, and limited number of questions in assessment tolls (Little et al, 2011) To overcome these limitations, in 1991 Tiffany and Drobes developed the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (QSU) consisting 32 items. In 1991 Tiffany and Drobes developed the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (QSU) consisting 32 items This is a self-report instrument able to determine reliable and psychometrically toned ‘craving’ from various aspects (Tiffany and Drobes, 1991). Though early psychometric assessment verified the use of QSU for ‘craving’ measurement, recently researcher have reported inconveniency of this tool (Toll et al, 2006) It is less appropriate in laboratory settings and where immediate assessment is required due to its length. Our research aimed to focus on translating the QSU-Brief tool, assessing its factorial structure, reliability and validity of the questionnaire for future potential use
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