Abstract
The construct of food addiction has been gaining increased attention as a research topic. Currently, the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 is the only measure to operationalize the addictive-like eating behavior according to addiction criteria proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manualof Mental Disorders. The present study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, as well as investigating the convergent and divergent validity between this scale and the following measures: Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, Body Investment Scale, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. We also sought to explore the moderator role of difficulties in emotion regulation in the relationship between food addiction and binge eating METHODS: A sample of 302 female college students (Mage = 21.37, SD = 3.24) completed self-report measures. Sixteen (5.3%) participants were diagnosed as having food addiction. The confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the original one-dimensional structure is adequate to represent the Portuguese Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. The symptom count scores of the scale were correlated with body mass index, eating disordered behavior, body investment, and difficulties in emotion regulation. The severity level of the scale also discriminated the severity of eating disordered behaviors, body investment, and difficulties in emotion regulation. Finally, the relationship between food addiction and binge eating was moderated by difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior when experiencing negative emotions. The Portuguese version of the Yale Food Addiction Questionnaire 2.0 may be a useful tool to investigate food addiction. IV descriptive studies.
Highlights
Similarities in biological, psychological, and behavioral factors implicated in addiction and disordered eating have led to the hypothesis that an addictive process may contribute to excess food consumption
The confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the original onedimensional structure is adequate to represent the Portuguese Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0
The symptom count scores of the scale were correlated with body mass index, eating disordered behavior, body investment and difficulties in emotion regulation
Summary
Similarities in biological, psychological, and behavioral factors implicated in addiction and disordered eating have led to the hypothesis that an addictive process may contribute to excess food consumption. The original version of YFAS was published by Gearhardt, Corbin, and Brownell (2009), but the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) introduced important changes for the diagnosis of substance-related and addictive disorders and the authors created an updated version 7 years later, the YFAS 2.0 (Gearhardt, Corbin, & Brownell, 2016). This newest version of YFAS included the combination of substance abuse and substance dependence, the exclusion of legal consequences diagnostic criterion, and the addition of craving (Hasin et al, 2013). The development of the YFAS 2.0 allows for a more direct comparison of FA to other SRADs
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