Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the construct validity of CD-RISC10 in a sample of 1089 Greek adults of the general population. The CD-RISC10 factor structure was evaluated first with EFA in a 20% subsample and confirmed with CFA (CFA1) in a different 40% subsample. A cross-validation CFA followed (CFA2) in a third 40% subsample (i.e. of equal power with CFA1). Model fit comparison using -2ΔLL difference test suggested a bidimensional structure but bifactor ancillary measures indicated that multidimensionality was weak to exclude the unidimensional structure. Full weak measurement invariance across gender for this unidimensional model was successfully established in the entire sample. Partial strong measurement invariance was established after freeing intercepts of 2 items and partial strict after freeing the error variance of 1 item. Internal consistency reliability (α) was equal to three different model-based reliability calculations (CR) at adequate levels (.85), corroborating one another, although CD-RISC10 was not tau-equivalent. The average variance extracted was .37 to evaluate model-based convergent validity. Convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated further with correlation analysis with a resilience measure, life satisfaction, affectivity, depression, anxiety, and stress with all associations to the expected direction. The predictive validity of CD-RISC10 was evaluated with a SEM model of resilience regressed on two higher-order latent factors of subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological distress, yielding significant strong positive and negative effects respectively. Male scored significantly higher than females thus, normative data were calculated over the total sample and also separately by gender.
Highlights
About a third of the animals and people who experience inescapable shocks or noise resist helplessness
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the construct validity of CD-RISC10 in a sample of 1089 Greek adults of the general population
The predictive validity of CD-RISC10 was evaluated with a Structural Equation Model (SEM) model of resilience regressed on two higher-order latent factors of subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological distress, yielding significant strong positive and negative effects respectively
Summary
About a third of the animals and people who experience inescapable shocks or noise resist helplessness Resilience is a dynamic, multifaced process of positive adaptation when facing adversity, stress or trauma (Campbell-Sills & Stein, 2007). Resilience reliably mirrors how capable one is to handle stress (Aloba et al, 2016). It is one of the treatment outcomes in anxiety, depression, and stress responses (Connor & Davidson, 2003), encompassing attitudes and behaviours that foster adaptive coping strategies during stressful circumstances (Burns & Anstey, 2010). Resilient individuals cope with stressors, a process associated with psychological well-being, life satisfaction, positive emotions, and negatively associated with emotional and behavioral problems (Kavčič, Kocjan, & Dolenc, 2021)
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