Abstract

The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale III (FACES-III) has been widely used to measure an individual’s family functioning in terms of cohesion and adaptability. In Malaysia, the FACES-III has been translated into the Malay language for the community, but its psychometric properties in this context remain unknown. Thus, the purpose of this research is to examine the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the FACES-III in 852 adolescents attending secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Data were randomly split into two halves: the exploration sample and the validation sample. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the exploration sample and a two-factor model was discovered after removing nine items that showed low factor loading. Then, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the validation sample to compare the one-factor models, two-factor models, and three-factor models. Results showed that the 11-item two-factor model (FACES-III-M-SF) was superior to the other competing models. Both the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses replicated the two-factor structure of the original version of FACES-III. The reliability of the overall scale was consistently good, but the subscale results were mixed. This suggests that researchers should use the overall score, but not the subscale scores, in analyses.

Highlights

  • Accepted: 15 December 2021A family is an ideal place for individuals to develop physically and mentally [1,2].family is critical for adolescents who are experiencing major emotional, cognitive, and social changes [3,4]

  • The purpose of the present study is to examine the psychometric properties of the FACES-III-M for Malaysian adolescents to bridge the gap of psychometric evidence in the Malaysian context

  • An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to examine the factorial structure of the FACES-III-M in the Malaysian context

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Summary

Introduction

Family is critical for adolescents who are experiencing major emotional, cognitive, and social changes [3,4]. Healthy family functioning is a protective factor, whereas poor family functioning is a risk factor for a variety of adolescent mental health problems. Family functioning has been linked with adolescent behavioral and emotional problems [5], depressive symptoms [6], obsessive-compulsive disorder [7], and suicide attempts [8]. According to the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems [9], family functioning is characterized by two dimensions—namely, cohesion and adaptability. Based on the Circumplex Model, Olson developed the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES-III) to assess family functioning level [11]. The FACES-III consists of two subscales (cohesion and adaptability) and shows an acceptable reliability

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