Abstract
BackgroundIrish Assertiveness Scale is commonly used to examine the individual’ level of assertiveness. There is no adequately validated Arabic instrument that examines the level of assertiveness among Arabic-speaking undergraduate nursing students.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to translate, then evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Irish Assertiveness Scale among Saudi undergraduate nursing students and interns.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingsThree nursing colleges from three provinces in Saudi Arabia: Riyadh, Eastern and Makkah provinces.Participants283 questionnaires were completed by 3rd and 4th year undergraduate nursing students, and nursing interns.MethodsA standard procedure including forward-backward translation, cultural adaptation and pilot testing was adopted to translate the Irish Assertiveness Scale into Arabic language. Content validity was measured using content validity index. Scale reliability was measured using cronbach’s alpha coefficient and mean inter-item correlation. The sample was randomly split, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was then conducted on each sample to examine the construct validity of the proposed scale. A subsequent convergent validity and discriminant validity were also tested.ResultsThe item-level content validity index ranged from 0.9 to 1.0, and the overall content validity index was 0.93. The exploratory factor analysis resulted in 23-items, four-factor solution explaining 49.4% of the total variance. The mean inter-item correlation for each factor ranged between 0.22 and 0.4. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the overall scale was 0.80. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the proposed four-factor solution had the best model fit. Whilst discriminant validity was supported in the new model, convergent validity was partially met.ConclusionsThis study contributed toward establishing the Arabic version of the Irish Assertiveness Scale. Considering the limitations of the convergent validity demonstrated in the new instrument, a modified version of the Irish Assertiveness Scale might be needed to ascertain the most feasible model which best captures the level of assertiveness in Arabic cultural context.
Highlights
Irish Assertiveness Scale is commonly used to examine the individual’ level of assertiveness
The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the proposed four-factor solution had the best model fit
This study contributed toward establishing the Arabic version of the Irish Assertiveness Scale
Summary
Irish Assertiveness Scale is commonly used to examine the individual’ level of assertiveness. There is no adequately validated Arabic instrument that examines the level of assertiveness among Arabic-speaking undergraduate nursing students. Student nurses are often unable to exert their assertive communication skills, when challenging unsafe practice. Student nurses often perceive practicing assertively as a source of tension with other members of staff, which may lead to social isolation and even rejection from the team [5]. Utilizing empirical method to Identify the level of assertiveness among student nurses is the first step in planning any future interventions that would enable student nurses to develop fine-tuned, complex communication skills and help them to manage their feelings and communicate more assertively in their future professional roles. One of the widely used instruments to measure the level of individual assertiveness is the Irish Assertiveness Scale [7]
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