Abstract
Background: The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) has been developed through extensive and qualitative research. Numerous studies have confirmed the reliability and validity of the DSES among different populations. Most of the studies have shown association of the DSES with physical and psychological well-being. Purpose: The current study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the DSES in the Croatian population. Method: The 16-item scale was translated through standard translation/back-translation procedures. The scale was afterwards applied to a sample of 535 test subjects (49% men and 51% women), mean age 42.6 years. Results: The coefficient of reliability (Cronbach alpha = 0.945) is very high. The coefficients of discriminant validity were satisfactory for 15 items, whereas only one item (14) has a coefficient of less than 0.30. The factor analysis after oblique rotation resulted in two related factors: the relationship with God and relationship with others. Using these two factors explained the 66.1% of the variance. Conclusion: Based on the data, it can be concluded that DSES has satisfactory psychometric characteristics and can be applied to the Croatian population, but its correlation with other religious and non-religious constructs should be verified in further research.
Highlights
Every religion, whether monotheistic, polytheistic or most primitive animistic, has its religious dogma, its rites, prayers and spirituality
95.5% of the participants were of Catholic religion, 1.7% were of other religions (Orthodox or Muslim), while 2.6% of the participants identified themselves as atheists and agnostics
Testing the normality of distribution using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test showed that the distribution of items significantly deviates from normal, since most of the participants assessed their spiritual experience more frequent and the distribution of answers to almost all items was positively asymmetric
Summary
Whether monotheistic, polytheistic or most primitive animistic, has its religious dogma, its rites, prayers and spirituality. The contemporary use of the word “spirituality” is sometimes vague and difficult to define, because it is increasingly detached from religious traditions. Despite it being vague, it is possible to suggest that the word “spirituality” refers to the deepest values and meanings by which people seek to live. Values and morals, spirituality is distinguished from all other things by its connection to the sacred and transcendent. Connectedness with the transcendent includes seeking unity with the “sacred”, an Ultimate Reality, a higher power, or God. Connectedness with one’s self is expressed in several ways such as authenticity, sense of wholeness, meaningful identity, self-knowledge, and among other things, the ability to draw from one’s inner strengths. Purpose: The current study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the DSES in the Croatian population
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