Abstract

SUMMARYComparisons on an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests including the WAIS and Halstead's measures were made in the following four groups: (N = 51 in each group): 1, controls; 2, patients with verified brain damage but without epilepsy; 3, brain‐damaged patients with epilepsy matched for type of brain damage with the patients in Group 2; 4, patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology matched with the patients in Group 3 for type of seizures. Age and education matches were achieved across the four groups. The results of the study indicated that the presence of epileptic seizures was associated with significantly lower psychometric and adaptive ability levels than those found in normal control subjects. These test score differences occurred both in epileptic patients whose epilepsy was of unknown etiology and in epileptic patients with verified cerebral pathology. However, comparisons of two groups matched for type of pathology, but with and without seizures, did not result in additional significant impairment in the seizure group. These results suggested that epileptic manifestations, regardless of etiology, resulted in significant impairment of adaptive and psychometric abilities, but that in those epileptic patients in whom verified lesions could be established, the ictal episodes per se did not result in significant additional cognitive impairment when compared to non‐epileptic patients matched for type of pathology.RÉASUMÉAOn a compareA les reAsultats d'une batterie de tests incluant le WAIS et le Halstead appliqueAe aG 4 groupes (N = 51 dans chaque groupe): 1, Groupe controCle; 2, malades organiques dont les leAsions du cerveau sont objectiveAes, ne preAsentant pas d'eApilepsie; 3, malades organiques avec eApilepsie, apparieAs en ce qui concerne le type de leAsions ceAreAbrales avec les malades du Groupe 2; 4, malades avec eApilepsie d'eAtiologie inconnue, apparieAs avec les malades du Groupe 3 en ce qui concerne le type de crises. Les 4 groupes ont eAteA apparieAs en ce qui concerne l'aCge et le niveau culturel. Les reAsultats de cette eAtude ont montreA que les groupes qui preAsentaient des crises eApileptiques avaient des reAsultats significativement plus bas et des capaciteAs d'adaptation moindres que le groupe controCle de normaux. Ceci se retrouve aG la fois dans le groupe qui preAsente une eApilepsie d'eAtiologie inconnue et dans celui dont l'atteinte ceAreAbrale est suCre. Cependant, si on compare les deux groupes organiques apparieAs par le type de pathologie, l'un preAsentant des crises, l'autre non, on ne constate pas de diffeArence entre ces deux groupes. Nous pouvons dire que les manifestations eApileptiques d'eAtiologie quelconque entrainent un affaiblissement significatif des possibiliteAs d'adaptation et de l'efficience aux tests psychomeAtriques. Mais, si on compare les eApileptiques qui ont des leAsions ceAreAbrales connues et les malades organiques non eApileptiques, ces deux groupes eAtant apparieAs en ce qui concerne le type de pathologie, on ne constate pas de diffeArence significative aux tests entre ces deux groupes. Donc l'eApisode eApileptique en soi pour les malades organiques n'est pas responsable de l'affaiblissement speAcifique des fonctions cognitives.

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