Psychological status is associated with the perceived illness stigma in Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Abstract

ABSTRACT Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) might affect all aspects of life including perceived stigma, but research on perceived stigma is still in its infancy among SLE patients. The objective of this study was to assess the relationships among socioeconomic status, clinical parameters, disease activity, quality of life, depression, and the perceived stigma in Chinese patients with SLE. A total of 133 SLE patients (mean age: 39.36 ± 12.91 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. All data were collected consecutively by face-to-face questionnaires from January 2021 to January 2022. SLE patients completed questionnaires for demographic or clinical variables, the 10-cm Visual Analog Scale for pain, the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) for disease activity, the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression, the Perceived Devaluation Discrimination (PDD) Scale for the perceived stigma, and the Short Form 12 health survey (SF-12) for quality of life. Independent sample t-test, Spearman or Pearson correlations analysis, and the multivariable linear regression model were used to analyze these data. The mean PDD scale score in the SLE patients was 2.79 ± 0.33, which were statistically significant compared with the midpoint (2.50 ± 0.38) of the scale (P < 0.05). The perceived stigma was significantly correlated with income, pain, disease activity, depression, and quality of life. The SF-12 mental composite summaries (MCS) score and depression were the important predictors of the perceived stigma by the multivariable linear regression. This study demonstrates that psychological status is significantly associated with the perceived illness stigma in Chinese SLE patients; dealing with this stigma may be important in promoting optimal coping for these patients.