Abstract
Various studies have assessed resilience in relation to risk and protective factors during periods of crisis, and have shown that values such as hope and optimism are significantly related to peoples' level of quality of life in times of crisis. The Covid-19 pandemic has proven to be a great challenge as it is an unprecedented global health crisis. Our study aims to explore the effects of psychological resilience, hope, and adaptability when people experience real or perceived possible danger. The present study was quantitative, and it applied three different self-report questionnaires, namely the CD RISK to assess psychological resiliency (Connor & Davidson, 2003), the AHS (Adult-Hope-Scale) (Snyder, 1994) to assess hope, and a third questionnaire, the CAQ (Covid-19-Adaptation-Questionnaire), to explore perceived ability to adapt to changes in daily life due to the imposed quarantine as well as trust in state policies and the media during the peak of the pandemic in Greece and Cyprus. Demographic data such as age, gender, place of residence, and level of education were collected by using a Personal Information Form. We administered the instruments to 205 Greek and Cypriot men and women in age groups of 18 years or older. Our findings showed that high scores in hope could predict higher levels of psychological resilience and the ability to adapt in the face of adversity. We have also found a significant positive relationship between age and level of education with psychological resiliency. Older participants and participants with higher levels of education showed higher levels of psychological resiliency and adaptation in comparison with the younger and less educated subjects. At the same time, findings indicated that although people adapted and complied with extreme social isolation measures, neither did they actually trust the relevant state policies, nor did they rely on mass media for information regarding the pandemic.
Highlights
1.1 Background of the studyPsychological Resilience is comprehensively defined as the ability of a dynamic system to adapt successfully to any disturbances that threaten its operation, to withstand or recover from significant challenges that threaten its stability, sustainability, and growth (Wright et al, 2013)
Our research aims to understand the effects of the current Covid-19 crisis based on the theoretical framework of psychological resilience and the effect of positive emotions, such as hope, on people in conditions of adversity and danger
In examining our first hypothesis, namely that demographic characteristics such as gender, age, family situation, place of residence, and level of education all impact, to a greater of a lesser extent, the level of psychological resilience that people exhibit in times of adversity, our data analysis showed that the overall resilience score of our sample tended to be relatively high ranging between 87 and 93/100 points
Summary
1.1 Background of the studyPsychological Resilience is comprehensively defined as the ability of a dynamic system to adapt successfully to any disturbances that threaten its operation, to withstand or recover from significant challenges that threaten its stability, sustainability, and growth (Wright et al, 2013). The World Health Organization (WHO) declared Covid-19 as a public health emergency of international concern (Carpio Carmen, 2020) on 30th January 2020, and on 11th March, it was declared as a pandemic (Emanuel et al, 2020; Felix et al, 2020). These grave and rapid developments have created chaos all over the world as isolation, contact restrictions, and economic shutdown imposed a complete change to the psychosocial environment in affected countries (Ganie, 2020). The evolution and the fast spread of the Covid-19 signaled the necessity of rapid adaptations of nations and their populations worldwide
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