Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide theoretical rationale for integrative model of motivation as a unified structure that ensures achieving different types of results of human activity. The methodology of this study includes induction and deduction methods, scientific literature analysis, as well as comparative analysis. There have been defined the notions of «motive», «need» and «motivation», in particular, we have identified major differences and similarities between these concepts as well as their points of contact. The motives have been classified into conscious and unconscious with subsequent justification of such division. The article discusses the difference between external and internal motivation and proves the particular effectiveness of the latter. There has been analyzed the structure of the human motivational system encompassing all its components such as interests, needs, values, attitudes, beliefs, stereotypes, etc. We have identified the basis of motivational system, which determines personality's orientation and its peripheral parts. There has been conducted a comparative analysis of major motivation theories, which explain the structure and significance of human needs, their relationship with motivation to act. For example, we found out that K. Alderfer's ERG paradigm corresponds to A. Maslow's hierarchy of needs paradigm in regards to the main groups of needs. However, most theories of motivation use different criteria for distinguishing needs which makes it more difficult to compare them. For instance, D. McClelland's acquired needs paradigm is based on identifying the needs for power and complicity, while Porter-Lauler model is based on analysing concepts of expectations and justice within the motivational system of an individual. However, all authors seem to agree on one thing: motivation is a complex system-based integrative psychostructure that encourages a person to perform various types of activities. Thus, we can conclude that despite various explanations of the concepts of «motive» and «motivation», different criteria for distinguishing needs and interpreting their impact on motivation, human motivational system is a holistic unified structure that affects human behaviour in a specific way.
Highlights
The relevance of the chosen theme is determined by the significant increase in public interest in realizing the personal, intellectual and creative potential of a person, which is closely related to the development of society itself
Psychological studies have shown that motivational system plays an important part in ensuring effectiveness of human activity
In our opinion, some issues concerning structure of human motivational system, interdependence of motive and motivation, as well as the connection of motivation and human needs, have not been clearly defined, which constitutes the novelty of this study
Summary
The aim of this study is to provide theoretical rationale for integrative model of motivation as a unified structure that ensures achieving different types of results of human activity. Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини lar case, the main driving force of an individul's behaviour may be the need When it comes to nutritional need, a certain individual transforms it into an intrinsic motive for eating, which means that the desire to eat acts as a motivation for action. McClelland put forward his own notion of acquired needs, which is determined by human motivation for activity and related to the description and study of the influence of the need for belonging exerting power. He believes that the lower needs of the modern world are, for the most part, already met, which means that greater emphasis must be placed on meeting the higher human needs. On motivation, the human motivational system is a holistic structure that largely determines human behaviour
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