Abstract
BackgroundReceiving report of an abnormal finding from a Pap screening test in women often leads to psychological distress.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Cervical Dysplasia Distress Questionnaire (CDDQ) among women in Serbia.MethodsIn 2017, we conducted a cross-sectional study involving 154 consecutive women attending cervical cancer screening who had received abnormal Pap smear results.ResultsReliability assessment showed good internal consistency for all CDDQ subscales (Tension and discomfort: Cronbach’s α = 0.844; Embarrassment: α = 0.864; Sexual and reproductive consequences: α = 0.867; and Health consequences: α = 0.913). The test-retest reliability showed that the correlation coefficients (between 0.805 and 0.983) were significant at the 0.01 level for all of the Serbian CDDQ subscales. Principal Axis Factoring with Direct Oblimin rotation indicated four main components that explain 55.0% of variance.ConclusionThe Serbian version of the CDDQ scale is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of psychological distress among women with abnormal Pap smear results.
Highlights
A substantial decline in cervical cancer mortality rates has been noted following the introduction of high-coverage high-quality screening programs in developed countries [1]
The test-retest reliability showed that the correlation coefficients were significant at the 0.01 level for all of the Serbian Cervical Dysplasia Distress Questionnaire (CDDQ) subscales
Only a few specific questionnaires have been developed for the assessment of psychological distress in women with abnormal cervical cancer screening results: the Psychosocial Effects of Abnormal Pap Smears Questionnaire (PEAPS-Q) [9], the Cervical Dysplasia Distress Questionnaire (CDDQ) [10], the Process and Outcome Specific Measure (POSM) [6]
Summary
A substantial decline in cervical cancer mortality rates has been noted following the introduction of high-coverage high-quality screening programs in developed countries [1]. Only a few specific questionnaires have been developed for the assessment of psychological distress in women with abnormal cervical cancer screening results: the Psychosocial Effects of Abnormal Pap Smears Questionnaire (PEAPS-Q) [9], the Cervical Dysplasia Distress Questionnaire (CDDQ) [10], the Process and Outcome Specific Measure (POSM) [6]. Considering that the POSM is a questionnaire that was used in research in women with borderline and other low-grade abnormal smears and taking into consideration that the screening program in Serbia predicts that all women with abnormal Pap results are referred to further procedures (colposcopy, etc.), the CDDQ was the appropriate scale for the measurement of psychological distress. Receiving report of an abnormal finding from a Pap screening test in women often leads to psychological distress
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