Abstract
The banking sector in Pakistan has always been one of the most significant economic sectors of the country. The purpose of this paper has been to identify the factors urging bank employees to volunteer themselves for activities outside of their formal job obligations. A total of 315 responses were gathered from the employees of the four private commercial banks in Pakistan. The researchers tested the relationship between the four facets of psychological capital (i.e., efficacy, resilience, optimism, and hope) and the two dimensions of extra role behaviour (individual and organisational). The researchers used the SPSS version 23 to analyse the demographic profiles of the respondents, and the SmartPLS version 3 to test the hypotheses formed using the structural equation modelling technique. The researchers also investigated the mechanism through which psychological impacts extra role behaviour. Under the Job Demands-Resources (JDR) model, work engagement is employed as a mediating variable. The results of the study revealed a significant positive relationship between efficacy, optimism, and resilience with extra role behaviours. However, hope remained insignificant to extra role behaviours. The study outcomes also supported the major hypotheses on the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between the psychological capital and extra role behaviour. Recommendations for future studies and the limitations of the present study were aslo discussed.
Highlights
The world is currently looking for high-performance organisations to improve the global economy
Following the strong recommendations by Abdullahi et al (2015), the present study has utilized the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique to research the effect of the Psycap on the organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB)
This study has contributed to a better understanding of the issues by researching the four positive resources of hope, optimism, resilience, and efficacy with the OCBs, alongside the mechanism through which these positive personal resources of the psychological capital (PsyCap) lead to the OCBs
Summary
The world is currently looking for high-performance organisations to improve the global economy. It is essential for the banks to recognize the factors causing employees to volunteer themselves for activities outside of their formal job requirements. This type of optional behaviour of employees is referred to as organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), or extra role behaviour. Such behaviours are of vital importance, especially in the era which has introduced technological robustness and a competitive environment in the banking sector of Pakistan (Siddiqui, 2019). The OCB is one of the important factors in efforts to increase the overall effectiveness of banks
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