Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the major life changes that Italian people experienced after one year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the psychological and physical impact of COVID-19 within one year of the pandemic situation, and its possible correlation with the positive COVID-19 trend in the Italian region. We invited Italian people to complete a cross-sectional, online survey within a three-week period from 14 March to 4 April 2021. The survey collected data on the participants’ stress and physical levels, attitude, perceived control, norms, personal and professional backgrounds, and place of stay in the last year. We used Student’s t-test and the software package GRETL for Windows to assess the association between the study outcome variables and the explanatory variables (stress, attitude, perceived control, and norms). All participants who declared a level of physical stress in their answer suffered from psychological stress, but not vice versa. The result to be highlighted is that this level of stress was found more in women and in the age range of 21–45 years.
Highlights
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China (Hubei Province) [1]
We showed that the majority of people suffered from psychological distress and that 70% of these were women; it is important to note that the initial sample is composed by more women than men
Previous studies already highlighted the impact of COVID-19 on general well-being and mental health [26]; in line with the literature that is currently available on the impact of COVID-19, we found that most of the people who participated in the questionnaire experienced a strong psychological and physical stress component
Summary
The dominant mode of person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is directly from the respiratory tract via droplets, or indirectly through contaminated objects or surfaces [1,8], which is important in clinical dentistry because many dental procedures produce aerosols and droplets that are contaminated with bacteria, viruses, and blood, and have the potential to spread infections to dental personnel and other people in the dental office [9,10,11].
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