Psychological analysis and diagnosis of the moral Consciousness of judges and jurors

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of psychological analysis of the moral consciousness of judges and jurors. The psychological features of the activity of judges, as well as the jury, as a historical-traditional, legal and democratic institution of justice are considered. It is noted that one of the most important components of a judge's personality is their moral consciousness, as the embodiment of their own morality and attitude to socio-moral norms, assessments, principles and requirements. Changes in society, changes in people's moral values, changes in the level of legal awareness, all this requires improvement and scientific and practical development of the procedure for selecting judges and jurors and in particular psychodiagnostics of their moral consciousness. An analysis of theoretical and empirical studies of morality and moral development, the experience of taking into account and measuring the moral consciousness of the jury. The necessity to apply in the process of selection of judges and jurors the procedure of assessment of their moral consciousness, which will allow to determine with high probability the principles, motives of man, his attitude to the categories of "good and evil", attitude to duty, responsibility, justice, attitude to life, death, honor, dignity, conscience, shame, etc. Analysis of moral consciousness will also determine the development of judges and juries of such psychological and social categories as tolerance, respect, compassion. For the psychodiagnosis of the moral consciousness of judges and jurors, it is proposed to use the adapted test "Interview of moral dilemmas" by L. Kohlberg, as a classical method, the most acceptable for determining the level of moral consciousness. The foundations of psychodiagnostics of moral consciousness according to the method of L. Kohlberg are the concept of justice, universality of acceptance of basic values, balance and reversibility of moral judgments, stages and features of moral development, which in all societies is subject to general rules and laws.