Psychologic aspects of cancer genetic testing

Abstract

Genetic testing for cancer susceptibility raises a number of important and distinctive psychological issues. Unlike other medical tests, genetic tests provide information not only about the individual tested but also about that individual's parents, siblings, and children. Although findings from psychosocial research concerning cancer genetic testing are now becoming available, this research is limited by the fact that it has focused on participants in research-based protocols that have received thorough counseling and education. Under these circumstances, it appears that most individuals who are informed of their genetic status are not likely to experience significant psychological distress. The risks of psychological distress, family disruption, and non-adherence to surveillance guidelines are likely to be greater when testing is offered in clinical settings that do not provide adequate patient education, genetic counseling, informed consent, and follow-up. There is an urgent need for research concerning the impact of genetic testing on health-related behavior, family dynamics, and the responses of patients who receive differnt levels of counseling and education. Such research can inform the development of clinical practice standards to insure that the potential medical benefits of genetic testing are not outweighed by the psychological costs of education and counseling.