Abstract
There are parallels between three movements that blossomed during the first decades of the twentieth century: Marxism, Zionism and psychoanalysis. Utopian elements were present in all three, expressing a deep commitment to improving human life, but also aspects of denial and illusion that led to more complex results than initially expected. Rescue fantasies played a role in these movements, implying omnipotence, self-idealization and the demonization of a guilty party. The kibbutz movement in Israel was influenced by all three, and its communal childrearing system proved to be flawed. Dangers of rigidity and dogmatism in psychoanalysis are related to this background.
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