PS-P09-10: ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP OF DIET QUALITY TO NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND BLOOD PRESSURE: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DEVELOPED INDONESIA DIETARY INDEX

Abstract

Objective: Indonesia faces a surge of metabolic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main factor that triggered the diseases is a lifestyle, which was primarily contributed by dietary patterns. Recently, the developed Indonesia dietary index (IDI) was developed to rapidly assess diet quality in adults. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the IDI towards nutritional status and blood pressure as health outcomes. Design and method: Cross sectional study was conducted from 2016 to 2018 and involved 350 healthy adults 19 to 64 years of age in urban and rural areas in a province in Indonesia. The urban represented the most populated area and the rural represented lowland and mountainous areas. The underweight and pregnant or breastfed women were excluded. Data collection included sociodemographic, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure. A BMI of 25.00 kg/m2 and above was categorized as obese. A blood pressure of 120 to 139 mmHg (systolic) or 80 to 89 mmHg (diastolic) was classified as prehypertension. The data was collected by trained nutritionists as enumerators. Diet quality was assessed by the IDI, which consisted of 12 multiple choice questions about the food consumed in the previous day and week. The scoring category for IDI: less than 40 was poor, 40 to 59 was need improvement, and 60 and above was good. Logistic regression was run to determine the factors that influenced prehypertension. Results: Subjects were dominated by females (56%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 62.9% and prehypertension was 69.1%. Based on the IDI, most adults had poor diet quality (50.6%), followed by a need for improvement (48%) and good diet quality (1.4%). Poor diet quality tended to increase the risk of overweight and obesity (PR unadjusted = 1.8, p = 0.06, 95%CI 0.9 to 7.5) yet not with blood pressure, even after being adjusted with covariates (gender, age, dwelling area, and smoking habit). The IDI scores were not significantly lower in the overweight and obese adults than in normal (36.8 vs. 38.3, p = 0.216) yet no difference in prehypertension adults than in normal (37.7 vs. 37.9, p = 0.835). Conclusion: Even though diet quality was not associated with BMI and blood pressure, overweight and obese adults had lower IDI scores than normal. Evaluating diet quality among Indonesian is quite challenging relating to various food and dishes consumed by people. Regardless of the insignificant findings, body weight and blood pressure should be managed by encouraging adults to improve their diet quality according to a healthy balanced diet.