Abstract
High speed of vehicles in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) makes the dissemination of information from source to destination a very challenging task. The moving vehicles share a predefined road layout, therefore data packets are needed to forward within a particular geographical region only. The geographical region so identified is known as geocast region. Many authors have investigated geocast routing protocols in VANET to ensure effective and efficient transmission of information to a geocast region. The existing geocast routing protocols have limited success due to highly dynamic characteristics of vehicular network and suffer from number of limitations such as scalability and overhead for routing. To reduce and overcome these problems some bio-inspired soft computing techniques have been developed to route the information from source to destination in an optimize manner. In this paper, we have developed and analyzed three geocast routing protocols using particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach named as LARgeoOPT, DREAMgeoOPT, and ZRPgeoOP.
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