PSO and Firefly Algorithm Application for Thermal-Gas-Electric Vehicle System Considering Time-Delayed Effect

Abstract

Electrical vehicle (EV) special ability to supply power to the grid is used to control grid stability, frequency deviation or power mismatch. EV is an energy storage system which is applied as load and also as source. To achieve high power quality, management of automatic generation control (AGC) at generation side is used. The variation of supply frequency and its stability along with its automatic control when the load fluctuates is called as automatic load frequency control (ALFC). EV is used also along with thermal and gas turbine, which are conventional energy sources. In this paper, two area system has been taken for study. Area 1 includes gas turbine with EV integration and Area 2 has gas turbine with EV penetration. An aggregate model of EV is used in both the areas. The system is analyzed for step load and random load variation. To control the frequency, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is used. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Firefly Algorithm (FF-A) optimization techniques are implemented to find the control variables and compared. Time delay effect is also taken into consideration and the system under study is demonstrated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation results shows that FA has low oscillation, very small settling time and have huge improvement in delay margin.