PSIX-34 Omega-3 fatty acids are more likely to cause C2C12 cell adipose deposition and decomposition compared with palmitic acid

Abstract

Abstract It is usually considered that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) to be beneficial to health and are widely provided as a dietary supplement during pregnancy. However, the risk of n-3 PUFAs overdosage on fetal development has rarely been studied. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of different concentrations of n-3 PUFAs [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] and a saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid) on the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Oil Red O staining showed that n-3 PUFAs are more likely to cause adipogenesis. C2C12 cells were induced apoptosis when the concentration of EPA and DHA is 75µM, respectively. The expression of PPARγ gene expression in the EPA+DHA 50μM group was significantly increased, while in the palmitic acid treatment, the gene expression of AP2 (in the ≥10 μM groups) and C/EBPβ (50 μM) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Among the lipolysis related genes, HSL increased significantly in the EPA+DHA groups (≥ 25 μM), while MGL decreased significantly in both the EPA+DHA groups (≥ 10 μM) and palmitic acid group (≥ 100 μM) (P < 0.05). In the EPA+DHA groups, the expression of myogenic genes Mrf4 (≥10 μM), MyoD (≥50 μM), and MyoG (≥25 μM) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Gene expression of Myf5 decreased significantly when the concentration of palmitic acid was higher than 100 μM (P < 0.05). Among thermogenesis-related genes, in the EPA+DHA treatment, Prdm16 increased (≥50 μM), and UCP3 decreased significantly (≥50 μM)(P < 0.05). After palmitic acid administration, Prdm16 (≥50 μM) and UCP1 (≥100 μM) was significantly reduced, and UCP3 was significantly increased only in the highest concentration group (150 μM) (P < 0.05). In short, compared to palmitic acid, the treatment of EPA+DHA in the differentiation culture of C2C12 cells can enhance the deposition and decomposition of adipose in a lower concentration.