Psicología y lesiones deportivas: Un estudio en lanzadores de beisbol

Abstract

Injuries are one of the main problems in sport due to the negative impact on the health and performance of the athlete. Their multi-causal etiology requires that they also be approached from the psychological to understand their behavior in an integral way and achieve greater impacts in its prevention. The present investigation was carried out with the first category Baseball pitchers of the province of Villa Clara, Cuba, with the purpose of determining the relationship between the psychological variables associated with the athlete's performance and the injuries. A total of 48 pitchers were studied, constituting a heterogeneous population, made up of new athletes with greater competitive experience. The Sports Aspects and Injuries Questionnaire, the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory, the Competing State Anxiety Inventory and the Psychological Inventory of Sports Execution were applied. The results obtained show that the pitchers studied have a low perception of the relationship between psychological variables and injuries, also confirming that in the competition there are more injuries than in training. In addition, the results are displaying that athletes with a history of injuries and within these, the ones that most injuries have suffered, present significant differences in the status of certain psychological variables compared to pitchers who have not been injured. This difference can be observed in competition state anxiety, self-confidence, negative coping control, attention control, and visual and imaginative control.