Pseudothrombocytopenia, beyond a laboratory phenomenon: study of 192 cases

Abstract

The platelet antibodies that cause pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP) act only in vitro and do not produce clinical bleeding. Most studies on PTCP have focused on improving differential diagnosis with true thrombocytopenia but studies on the characteristics of patients with PTCP are limited. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical and biological characteristics of 192 patients with PTCP. In addition to general variables, we evaluated automated and microscopic platelet counts, platelet clumps, platelet diameters, immature platelet fraction (IPF), and platelet antibodies. Adult women accounted for the largest subgroup of patients (n=82; 42.7%) and 67 patients (34.9%) were grouped into families. Forty-four patients (22.9%) had one or more associated autoimmune disorders (ADs); 39 relatives of these patients (19.8%) had ADs and 45 relatives (23.4%) had immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) or unspecified thrombocytopenia. Platelet cryptantibodies and/or autoantibodies were positive in 56 patients (30.1%). Most patients (n=169; 80%) had automated platelet counts >80×109/L. In all patients, microscopic platelet counts were ≥150×109/L. The platelet clump index (% increase in microscopic platelet count compared to automatic count) ranged from 30 to >7000%. Platelet diameters and IPF parameters were significantly greater in the PTCP versus healthy controls (p<0.001). A total of 17 patients (8.8%) had had previous ITP or the PTCP evolved into ITP. Our data suggest that PTCP should be considered a situation of autoimmunity; the assessment of platelet clumps has a high diagnostic value; the close association between ITP and PTCP suggests that these conditions could be different phases of the same process.