Pseudopheochromocytoma: an Uncommon Cause of Severe Hypertension.

Abstract

Pseudopheochromocytoma or paroxysmal hypertension is an underrecognized condition that requires a thorough investigation of secondary causes of hypertension. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, biochemical evaluation, and potential therapeutic options to manage patients with pseudopheochromocytoma. The pathogenesis of this condition has not been completely elucidated but certain patients show overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and present with elevated epinephrine and dopamine levels. Workup should include a proper evaluation of blood pressure in distinct clinical scenarios, including ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Management should be focused on treatment of acute hypertensive episodes and prevention of paroxysms. Treatment of patients with pseudopheochromocytoma should be individualized. Psychopharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic interventions play an important role in controlling patients' symptoms.