Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, causing great concern due to the rapid increase in its resistance to antibiotics. The objective of the research was to describe the resistance mechanisms that P. aeruginosa possesses, as well as to report its behavior against antibiotics in the years 2003 to 2018 in Mexico. A retrospective and longitudinal documentary research was carried out in different digital resources referring to antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa. The results showed that the main resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa are β-lactamases, ejection pumps, mutations in porins, acquisition of plasmids, low permeability, formation of biofilms, alterations in penicillin-binding proteins, modifying enzymes of aminoglycosides and mutations in the active site. The antibiotics with the highest percentage of resistance presented between the years 2003 to 2018 were imipenen IMP, gentamicin GEN, ticarcillin / clavulanate TIC, trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole TMS, ticarcillin TC, ceftriaxone CRO, aztreonam AZT, ceftazidime CAZ, cefepime FEP, levofloxacin LEV, chloramphenicol CL, tigecilcin TIG and ciprofloxacin CIP, with a peak of resistance between the years 2007 to 2008 and a possible downward trend in 2018. The behavior of resistance between the years 2003 to 2018 report a downward trend in the last two years.
Highlights
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, which includes microorganisms characterized by being aerobic, Gram-negative, non-glucose-fermenting, catalase-positive bacilli, with polar flagella and non-spore-forming [1]
The results showed that the main resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa are β-lactamases, ejection pumps, mutations in porins, acquisition of plasmids, low permeability, formation of biofilms, alterations in penicillin-binding proteins, modifying enzymes of aminoglycosides and mutations in the active site
P. aeruginosa is resistant to a large number of antibiotics such as cephalosporins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and macrolides, its resistance mechanisms [11] are described below in a list according to their level of clinical relevance
Summary
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, which includes microorganisms characterized by being aerobic, Gram-negative, non-glucose-fermenting, catalase-positive bacilli, with polar flagella and non-spore-forming [1]. Their cultures have a color similar to oxidized copper, between blue-green, given by the pigment pyocyanin [2]. The P. aeruginosa species is known to be one of the most frequent opportunistic pathogens in nosocomial infections [4]. Among the diseases caused by P. aeruginosa are nosocomial pneumonia, infections in the urinary tract, in surgical wounds and in the bloodstream [5] in addition to causing other serious infections such as meningitis, external otitis, endophthalmitis and endocarditis. Immunocompromised neutropenic cancer patients, burn patients, cystic fibrosis, and bone marrow transplantation are the most susceptible to P. aeruginosa infections [5, 2]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
