Pseudomembranous and membranous conjunctivitis. Immunohistochemical features.

Abstract

A 63-year-old man, who had for one month been on sulfasalazine therapy, developed general malaise, high fever, severe stomatitis, and bilateral necrotizing pseudomembranous conjunctivitis with corneal erosion, identical to that seen in the Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Topical therapy with antibiotics and aprotinin rapidly healed the corneal surfaces, while densely adherent true membranes developed on the conjunctiva, and were removed surgically several times during the next week. After the acute stage, subtle subepithelial conjunctival scarring, superficial punctate keratitis, dry eye syndrome and fluctuating irregular corneal astigmatism became evident, but good visual acuity, lid function and ocular motility were retained. Histopathologic study of conjunctival membranes from two cases of membranous conjunctivitis revealed polymorphonuclear leukocytes within a matrix composed of fibrin, tenascin and fibronectin. In older membranes, histiocytes were additionally found. Surgical debridement of such membranes removes a substratum of inflammatory debris that is likely to promote secondary infection, fibrosis and symblepharon formation, and may decrease rather than increase subsequent scarring of the necrotized conjunctiva.