Pseudoaneurysm of superior epigastric artery branch: A rare complication following renal allograft biopsy treated by percutaneous thrombin injection

Abstract

Renal biopsy is often needed to diagnose posttransplant graft dysfunction. Although it is very safe due to availability of real-time imaging, complications do occur. We report a rare case of anterior abdominal wall vessel injury during allograft biopsy resulting in a large perigraft hematoma. It mimics a subcapsular hematoma due to intrarenal vessel injury leading to diagnostic confusion. We detected a partially thrombosed pseudoaneurysm 3 weeks after the biopsy which had feeders from superior and inferior epigastric artery confirmed by injecting contrast into the pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm is due to injury to small branch of these arteries. We used a novel and a cost-effective therapeutic intervention to treat this pseudoaneurysm. We injected thrombin percutaneously into pseudoaneurysm which enables thrombosis of the feeder vessels preventing recurrence.