Abstract
An ubiquinone derivative, pseudoalteromone A (1), has been isolated from two marine-derived Pseudoalteromonas spp., APmarine002 and ROA-050, and its anti-melanogenesis activity was investigated. The anti-melanogenic capacity of pseudoalteromone A was demonstrated by assessing the intracellular and extracellular melanin content and cellular tyrosinase activity in the B16 cell line, Melan-a mouse melanocyte cell line, and MNT-1 human malignant melanoma cell line. Treatment with pseudoalteromone A (40 μg/mL) for 72 h reduced α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced intracellular melanin production by up to 44.68% in B16 cells and 38.24% in MNT-1 cells. Notably, pseudoalteromone A induced a concentration-dependent reduction in cellular tyrosinase activity in B16 cell, and Western blot analyses showed that this inhibitory activity was associated with a significant decrease in protein levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (Tyrp-1), suggesting that pseudoalteromone A exerts its anti-melanogenesis activity through effects on melanogenic genes. We further evaluated the skin-whitening effect of pseudoalteromone A in the three-dimensional (3D) pigmented-epidermis model, MelanoDerm, and visualized the 3D distribution of melanin by two-photon excited fluorescence imaging in this human skin equivalent. Collectively, our findings suggest that pseudoalteromone A inhibits tyrosinase activity and expression and that this accounts for its anti-melanogenic effects in melanocytes.
Highlights
IntroductionHarmful effects of solar radiation cause skin damage and skin aging, but the body counters these harmful influences through the production of the pigment, melanin [1,2]
There is little doubt that UV-radiation affects all people in their daily life
A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of crude extracts of culture broths of APmarine002 and ROA-050 revealed that both strains produce p-coumaric ac2id.,1w.hIicdhehnastbiefeincraetpioortned otofexphsibeituadntoi-amletlaenroogemnicoenffeectAs through the inhibition of tyrosinase activity [10]
Summary
Harmful effects of solar radiation cause skin damage and skin aging, but the body counters these harmful influences through the production of the pigment, melanin [1,2]. Despite the considerable virtue of melanin, irregular production of this pigment underlies several skin diseases and conditions, including melasma, leukoplakia, lentigo, albinism, moles, and freckles [3]. To address the consequences of abnormal melanogenesis processes, numerous researchers have investigated melanogenesis mechanisms. The shared mechanism of melanin production is initiated as an oxidative progress in which tyrosine is converted first to 1-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), and to dopaquinone, dopachrome and the pigment melanin, primarily by tyrosinase and related enzyme systems [4]. In our continuing research effo agents from marine microorganisms for use as co2nofs12tituen focused on screening crude extracts from libraries of cult manredidntirceaettiinoonmisnt,hiacarterpcoousrosreersnsgtltyhaiasnvcaaiipslaambclietys[,5.s]u. In our continuing research effo agents from marine microorganisms for use as co2nofs12tituen focused on screening crude extracts from libraries of cult manredidntirceaettiinoonmisnt,hiacarterpcoousrosreersnsgtltyhaiasnvcaaiipslaambclietys[,5.s]u. cIAhnltahsoktuohgjihec tahcpeidse,r4so-ynnc-btehuesttyisclr,aesgowernctisenaorle,dhvyiesdryrcoeoqfufveicnteoivnreee, d th tbhloiesmytearoirnenga,acscksoinmscppraapnckie.ind,gAb, yanPudnmddreysanirreasibsnleinesii0ndde0i-ve2ifdfeaucatnsls.dwFoitRrhesOxeanmAsitpi-vle0e, s5hky0ind,.roTeqhxueirhnefoionbree,icrtaeucmesenstodera regseearncheosniasntii-nmelαan-omgeneeslias ninothce ycotsem-etsictiinmduustrlyahtaisnfogcushedoornmtheodneveelo(pαm-enMt SH)
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