Abstract
A model-potential Hamiltonian is proposed which reproduces spin-orbit splittings, intercombination effects and relativistic orbital reorganisations in the valence shell of heavy atoms. The model Hamiltonian is tested on atomic states with two valence electrons; full CI results are compared with experimental data and with relativistic all-electrons MC-SCF calculations. The 'relativistic model-potential approach' has been used for an investigation of ground and excited states of negative ions of the monovalent metal atoms.
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