Abstract

In Japan, infertility treatment including assisted reproductive technologies < ART> has become common recently, accounting for 7% of ART newborns in all births. Recently, ART has been reported to induce premature vascular aging in apparently healthy children. It is unknown whether the onset of premature vascular aging begins in the newborn period. Our study was to determine whether an increased risk of premature vascular aging is associated with ART. The study population comprised 63 newborns < median gestational age<GA> 39 weeks, and median birth weight <BW> 3050g>in the assisted conception <AC> group and 279 newborns <GA 39 weeks, BW 3030g> in the spontaneous conception <SC> group. The AC group was treated as follows: 29 patients with in vitro fertilization, or with intracytoplasmic sperm injection with ovulation-inducing agents <ART group>, 34 with artificial insemination, and others. After confirming the closing of the patent ductus artery using echocardiography, newborns measured their peripheral systolic <sys> and diastolic <dia> blood pressure <BP> values. BP measurements of newborns were performed in the left or right legs in the relaxed supine position with basically a natural sedation. At the median age of one day after birth, comparing sys and dia BP with AC and SC group, sys BP 69 and 40mmHg vs 68 and 41mmHg, there were no significant. Similarly, in the ART group, sys and dia BP was 68 and 40mmHg, with no significant differences. However, there were significant differences between maternal age, SC, AC, and ART groups, with the median of 31years, 35years, and 37years <p value less than 0.001>. We found no evidence of increased risk of premature vascular aging with ART for infertility treatment during the newborn period. Older maternity may alter affect childhood health and development. In addition, in vitro or extrauterine fertilization exposes gamete and embryo to variable physical and hormonal environments before implantation. Exposure is brief in fresh fertilizations and more prolonged in a gamete or embryo cryopreservation, and such epigenetic modifications of the environment may have downstream effects on the vascular system. The future of precision medicine guided approaches should incorporate emerging clinical factors, such as the history of ART conception in a growing proportion of the population.

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