Abstract
Objective: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Fasting in the month of Ramadan is a form of worship for Muslims, and the largest Muslim population is in Asia. Although the effect of fasting during the month of Ramadan on health has been widely studied, its effect on changes in blood pressure has not been widely studied. This study aims to determine the effect of Ramadan fasting on hypertensive patients in the Asian population. Design and method: The study subjects of this systematic review were derived from the original articles by previous systematic reviews (Alinezhad-namaghi and Salehi (2016) Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients A Systematic Review) which we then adjusted according to our inclusion criteria. Literature searches were conducted with the search engines PubMed, Google Scholar, and other search engines with limited publication between 2012 to 2022. The keywords used were “Ramadan fasting”, “blood pressure”, and “hypertension”. The inclusion criteria used were observational studies, cohort studies, retrospective analysis, or other non interventional studies with full text in English, the study conducted on hypertension patients during Ramadhan fasting, studies conducted in Asian countries, and blood pressure outcomes was reported. The exclusion criteria used were the study not conducted in Asian countries or not mentioned, and the outcome report was not blood pressure change. Result: The original systematic review previously found 5 studies. Based on literature search and data extraction based on inclusion criteria, we accumulated a total of 6 studies’ findings. Two studies were conducted on populations in India and Iran and one study in Iraq and Lebanon. A total of 220 subjects included in this study (Table 1). Our findings suggest that Ramadan fasting exerts a blood pressure changing effect despite results of inconsistent significance. Conclusion: Ramadan fasting can affect blood pressure change in hypertensive patients in the Asian population. Studies in a wider population are needed to assess the effect of Ramadan fasting on blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
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