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Abstract
The main issue presented in this article is the analysis of the therapeutic alliance as a non-specific factor healing various mental disorders and the effect of therapeutic alliance quality on patients' quality of life. The sample consisted of 140 subjects: 85 patients participating in individual psychotherapy and 55 psychotherapists. To assess working alliance quality, the author used the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI; Horvath & Greenberg). The other measures used in the study were the Temporal Satisfaction With Life Scale (TSWLS; Pavot, Diener, & Suh) and the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS; Ryff). The results showed that the actual effect of working alliance quality on short-term satisfaction with life was not statistically significant. It was found, however, that the effect of therapeutic alliance quality on psychological well-being was statistically significant and that a higher level of working alliance reported by the psychotherapist and the patient led to a greater sense of psychological well-being. The obtained values of correlation coefficients served as the basis for the hypothesis postulating a positive correlation between working alliance as well as its dimensions and the dimensions of psychological well-being. The working alliance is not related to short-term effects in psychotherapy, which means that it does not increase the current feeling of satisfaction with life as well as the experience of positive affect and contentment with life. The working alliance augments the quality of life understood as lasting and healthy development. It turns out that the psychotherapeutic alliance is a determinant of psychological well-being understood more deeply than merely as fleeting pleasure and more holistically, as an intrinsic, long-term element of healthy human development. The correlation of these two factors is significant.
Highlights
Patients who visit the psychotherapist’s office are troubled by diverse internal conflicts and problems
The first measurement proposal assumed that the latent variables of the structural model of the working alliance would be built by the averaged sum of scores from the measurement using both versions of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) simultaneously
The evaluation of the working alliance came from two sources at the same time: it was made both by the psychotherapist conducting the therapy and by the patient attending it
Summary
Patients who visit the psychotherapist’s office are troubled by diverse internal conflicts and problems. Sometimes only some of the expected results are achieved, and sometimes the change is fundamental In both cases, it is emphasized that if, according to the salutogenetic model [1, 2], mental health is a dynamic process of continually reacting to the demands in order to restore a certain level of organization, every outcome that optimizes functioning is evidence of the patient’s recovery taking place in psychotherapy. The existing research results support two conclusions important for this empirical study [3] The first of these conclusions is as follows: psychotherapy brings positive results operationalized both by objective indicators, namely the disappearance of the symptoms that the patient complained of, and by subjective ones, namely the increase in the patient’s well-being [4]. The second conclusion concerns the different modalities in which therapists work and points out that, so far, there is no sufficient evidence to regard any school of psychotherapy as more effective than others [5]
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