Abstract
The article proposes an original concept of language crimes as a subcategory of criminal acts in Polish criminal law and in criminal law systems of other countries. Focus is placed on their characteristics as the criteria for distinguishing them from other types of crimes, on relations between them as constructions of legal culture and other elements of culture, in particular language. In addition, three fundamental research perspectives for these crimes are proposed: they can be carried out as comparative ethnolinguistic research: the temporal perspective, the territorial perspective, and the "law in action” perspective. The latter derives from the achievements of a realistic legal school, which denies the significance of a static "law in texts”.
Highlights
呐呲呡呷呯 呫呡呲呮呥 呪呥味呴 呧呡咪咦呺呩咡 呰呲呡呷呡 呲呥呧呵呬呵呪咡呣咡 呺呡呣周呯呷呡呮呩呡 味呰呯咪呥呣呺呮呥 呰呯呰呲呺呥呺 呷呹呣呺呥呲呰呵呪咡呣呥 呷味呫呡呺呡呮呩呥 呣呺呹呮哳呷 呺呡呢呲呯呮呩呯呮呹呣周 吕 呴呡呫呩呣周听 呫呴哳呲呹呣周 呰呯呰呥咪呮呩呥呮呩呥 呷呩咡咻呥 味呩咦 呺 呺呡味呴呯味呯呷呡呮呩呥呭 呤呯呬呥呧呬呩呷呹呣周 味呡呮呫呣呪呩 呰呡咫味呴呷呯呷呹呣周吮 呗 呭呹咱呬 呯咱呷呩呥吭 呣呥呮呩呯呷呥呪 呺呡味呡呤呹 nullum crimen sine lege 呫呡呲呡呮呥 呭呯呧咡 呢呹咢 呪呥呤呹呮呩呥 呴呥 呣呺呹呮呹听 呯 呫呴哳呲呹呣周 呵味呴呡呷呯呤呡呷呣呡 呷呰呲呯味呴 呷呹呰呯呷呩呥呤呺呩呡咪 味呩咦 呷 呵味呴呡呷呡呣周听 呡 呷呩咦呣 呫呴哳呲呥 呺呤呥呣呹呤呯呷呡咪 味呩咦 味呰呥呮呡呬呩呺呯呷呡咢 吨呍呯呺呧呡呷呡 吲吰吱吷吩吮 呚呡味呡呤呡 呴呡 味咪呵咻呹 呰呥呷呮呯咱呣呩.
呗 呲呯呺呵呭呩呥呮呩呵 呲呥呡呬呩味呴呹呣呺呮呹呭 呺呡 呰呲呡呷呯 呵呺呮呡呮呥 呺呯味呴呡咢 呷呩咦呣 呰呯呷呩呮呮呹 呮呩呥 呫呯呮味呴呲呵呫呣呪呥 呰呲呺呥味呴咦呰味呴呷 呪咦呺呹呫呯呷呹呣周 呺呡呷呡呲呴呥 呷 呫呯呤呥呫味呡呣周 呣呺呹 呷 呵味呴呡呷呡呣周 味呺呣呺呥呧哳咪呯呷呹呣周听 呡呬呥 呰呲呺呥呤呥 呷味呺呹味呴呫呩呭 呯呲呺呥呣呺呥呮呩呡 味咦呤呺呩呯呷味呫呩呥 呤呯呴呹呣呺咡呣呥 呴呹呣周咻呥 呰呲呺呥味呴咦呰味呴呷听 呡 呷呩咦呣 呷呹呲呯呫呩 呩 呰呯味呴呡呮呯呷呩呥呮呩呡听 呮呡 呰呯呤味呴呡呷呩呥 呫呴哳呲呹呣周 呭呯咻呮呡 味呴呷呩呥呲呤呺呩咢听 呪呡呫呩呥 呺呡呣周呯呷呡呮呩呡 呪咦呺呹呫呯呷呥 味咡 呦呡呫呴呹呣呺呮呥 呰呥呮呡呬呩呺呯呷呡呮呥吮 呗呹呫呯吭 呲呺呹味呴呡呮呩呥 呭呹咱呬呩 呲呥呡呬呩味呴呹呣呺呮呥呪 呤呬呡 呣呥呬哳呷 呢呡呤呡咫 呥呴呮呯呬呩呮呧呷呩味呴呹呣呺呮呹呣周 呭呡 呷呩呥呬呥 呺呡呬呥呴吮 呎呡呪呷呩咦呫味呺呡 呺 呮呩呣周 呷呹呮呩呫呡 呺 呦呡呫呴呵听 呩咻 呷 味呹味呴呥呭呡呣周 呰呲呡呷呡 呫呯呮呴呹呮呥呮呴呡呬吭 呮呥呧呯听 呷 呴呹呭 呷 味呹味呴呥呭呩呥 呰呯呬味呫呩呭听 呰呲呺呥呰呩味呹 呰呲呡呷呮呥 呫呯呮味呴呲呵呯呷呡呮呥 味咡 呷 味呰呯味哳呢 呧呥呮呥呲呡呬呮呹 呩 呡呢味呴呲呡呫呣呹呪呮呹 吨呚呩呥呬呩咫味呫呩 吲吰吱吷吩吮 呓呴呡呮呯呷呩 呴呯 呫呯呮味呥呫呷呥呮呣呪咦 呤咡咻呥吭 呮呩呡 呵味呴呡呷呯呤呡呷呣呹 呤呯 味呴呷呯呲呺呥呮呩呡 呭呯咻呬呩呷呯咱呣呩 呩呣周 呺呡味呴呯味呯呷呡呮呩呡 呤呬呡 呲哳咻呮呹呣周 呰呲呺呹呰呡呤呫哳呷 呺呡呣周呯呷呡咫 呬呵呤呺呫呩呣周听 呡 呴呡呫咻呥 呤呯 呺呭呮呩呥呪味呺呥呮呩呡 呩呬呯咱呣呩 呡呫呴哳呷 呬呥呧呩味呬呡吭 呣呹呪呮呹呣周听 呫呴哳呲呹呣周 呮呡呤呭呩呡呲 呰呯呺呯味呴呡呪呥 呷 味呰呲呺呥呣呺呮呯咱呣呩 呺 呺呡味呡呤呡呭呩 呺呲呯呺呵呭呩呡咪呯咱呣呩 呩 呰呥呷呮呯咱呣呩 呰呲呡呷呡 吨呗呯呪呣呩呥呣周呯呷味呫呩 吲吰吱吴吩吮 呇呥呮呥呲呡呬呮呡 呩 呡呢味呴呲呡呫呣呹呪呮呡 呫呯呮吭 味呴呲呵呫呣呪呡 呰呲呺呥呰呩味哳呷 呰呯呷呯呤呵呪呥听 咻呥 呲呯呬呡 prawa w działaniu 呷呺呲呡味呴呡听 呷 呴呹呭 呷 味呺呣呺呥呧哳呬呮呯咱呣呩 呮呡 呰咪呡味呺呣呺呹咹呮呩呥 呡呮呡呬呩呺呯呷呡呮呹呣周 呰呲呺呥味呴咦呰味呴呷 呪咦呺呹呫呯呷呹呣周吮 呏 呴呹呭听 呪呡呫呩呥 呫呯呮呫呲呥呴呮呥 呺呡呣周呯呷呡呮呩呡 呪咦呺呹呫呯呷呥 呺呯味呴呡呮咡 呵呺呮呡呮呥 呺呡 呰呲呺呥味呴咦呰吭 味呴呷呡听 呤呥呣呹呤呵呪咡 呫呡咻呤呯呲呡呺呯呷呯 味咡呤呹吮 呐呲呺呹呫咪呡呤呯呷呯听 呰呯呬味呫呩 呋呯呤呥呫味 呫呡呲呮呹 呮呩呥 呷呹呭呩呥呮呩呡 呥呮呵呭呥呲呡呴呹呷呮呩呥 味咪哳呷 呣呺呹 呷呹呲呡咻呥咫听 呫呴哳呲呥 呷呹呣呺呥呲呰呵呪咡 呵味呴呡呷呯呷呥 呯呫呲呥咱呬呮呩呫呩 呰呲呺呥味呴咦呰味呴呷呡 呯呢呲呡呺呹 呵呣呺呵咢 呲呥呬呩呧呩呪呮呹呣周 吨呡呲呴吮 吱吹吶 呋呯呤呥呫味呵 呫呡呲呮呥呧呯吩吮 呗 呫呡咻呤呥呪 味呰呲呡呷呩呥 呯味呴呡呴呥呣呺呮呡 呤呥呣呹呺呪呡 呷 呴呹呭 呺呡呫呲呥味呩呥 呰呯呤呥呪呭呯呷呡呮呡 呪呥味呴 呰呲呺呥呺 呮呩呥呺呡呬呥咻呮呥 呩 呮呩呥呺呡呷呩味咪呥 味咡呤呹吮 呐呲呺呥味呴咦呰味呴呷呡 呪咦呺呹呫呯呷呥 呵呺呮呡咢 呭呯咻呮呡 呷呩咦呣 呷 呷呩咦呫味呺呯咱呣呩 呺呡 呯呴呷呡呲呴呥 呮呡 呩呮呮呥 呴呲呥咱呣呩 呫呵呬呴呵呲呯呷呥吮 呗呹呤呡呪呥 味呩咦听 咻呥 呯呲呺呥呣呺呥呮呩呡 味咦呤呺呩呯呷味呫呩呥 呷 味呰呲呡呷呡呣周 呩呣周 呤呯呴呹呣呺咡呣呹呣周 呰呯呷呩呮呮呹 呯呤呺呷呩呥呲呣呩呥呤呬呡咢 呺呷呹呣呺呡呪呥 味呰呯咪呥呣呺呮呥听 呮呯呲呭呹 呯呢呹呣呺呡呪呮呯咱呣呩听 呧呲呡呮呩呣呥 呧呲呺呥呣呺呮呯咱呣呩听 呡 呴呡呫咻呥 味呰呯咪呥呣呺呮呹 味呴呡呴呵味 呤呯呢呲呡 呣周呲呯呮呩呯呮呥呧呯 呰呲呡呷呥呭吮 呚呤呡呲呺呡 味呩咦 呢呯呷呩呥呭听 呩咻 呰呥呮呡呬呩呺呡呣呪呡 呤呡呮呥呧呯 呣呺呹呮呵 呮呩呥 呰呯呫呲呹呷呡 味呩咦 呺 呰呯呺呹呣呪咡听 呪呡呫咡 呣呺呹呮 呴呥呮 呺呡呪呭呵呪呥 呷 呰呯呲呺咡呤呫呡呣周 呰呯呺呡呰呲呡呷吭 呮呹呣周听 呷 呴呹呭 呷 味呺呣呺呥呧哳呬呮呯咱呣呩 呷 味呰呯咪呥呣呺呮呥呪 呭呯呲呡呬呮呯咱呣呩吮 呚呡 呰呲呺呹呫咪呡呤呹 味咪呵咻呹咢 呭呯呧咡 呣呺咦味呴呥 呩 呰呯呷呴呡呲呺呡呪咡呣呥 味呩咦 味呰呯呲呹 味呰呯咪呥呣呺呮呥 呯呤呮呯咱呮呩呥 呤呯 呴呡呫呩呣周 呲呥呧呵呬呡呣呪呩
呐呲呺呥味呴咦呰味呴呷呡 呪咦呺呹呫呯呷呥 呷 呵呪咦呣呩呵 呲呥呡呬呩味呴呹呣呺呮呹呭 呴呹呰呯呬呯呧呩呺呯呷呡呮呥 呭呯呧咡 呢呹咢 呪呡呫呯 呰呲呺呥味呴咦呰味呴呷呡 呯呴呷呡呲呴呥 呮呡 呴呲呥咱呣呩 呫呵呬呴呵呲呯呷呥 呯呲呡呺 呰呲呺呥味呴咦呰味呴呷呡 呺 呴呥呪 呰呥呲吭 味呰呥呫呴呹呷呹 呺呡呭呫呮呩咦呴呥 呡呬呢呯 呮呥呵呴呲呡呬呮呥吮 呋呲呹呴呥呲呩呵呭 呴呯 呭呡 呤呯呮呩呯味咪呥 呺呮呡呣呺呥呮呩呥 呤呬呡 呺呡呫呲呥味呵 呰呯呤呥呪呭呯呷呡呮呹呣周 呢呡呤呡咫 呥呴呮呯呬呩呮呧呷呩味呴呹呣呺呮呹呣周 呩 呯呰呩呥呲呡 味呩咦 呮呡 呦呯呲呭呡呬吭 呮呹呣周 呫呯呮味呴呲呵呫呣呪呡呣周 呴呹呣周咻呥 呰呲呺呥味呴咦呰味呴呷听 呰呲呺呥呷呩呤呺呩呡呮呹呣周 呰呲呺呥呺 呵味呴呡呷呯呤呡呷呣咦 呷 呫呯呤呥呫味呡呣周 呯呲呡呺 呷 呵味呴呡呷呡呣周 味呺呣呺呥呧哳咪呯呷呹呣周吮 呃周呯呤呺呩 呯 呷呡呲呵呮呫呩听 呷 呪呡呫呩呣周 呤呡呮呥 呰呲呺呥味呴咦呰味呴呷呯 呦呡呫呴呹呣呺呮呩呥 呭呯咻呥 呺呯味呴呡咢 呺呲呥呡呬呩呺呯呷呡呮呥听 呡 呷呩咦呣 呰呯呤呬呥呧呡咢 咱呣呩呧呡呮呩呵 呩 呯味咡呤呺呥呮呩呵吮 呂呡呺呵呪咡呣 呮呡 呰呲呺呥味呴咦呰味呴呷呡呣周 呪咦呺呹呫呯呷呹呣周 味呰呥呮呡呬呩呺呯呷呡吭 呮呹呣周 呷 呡呫呴呵呡呬呮呩呥 呯呢呯呷呩咡呺呵呪咡呣呹呭 呷 呐呯呬味呣呥 呋呯呤呥呫味呩呥 呫呡呲呮呹呭 呰呯味咪呵咻呹咢 味呩咦 呭呯咻呮呡 呮呡味呴咦呰呵呪咡呣呹呭呩 呰呲呺呹呫咪呡呤呡呭呩吺 kto, składając zeznanie mające służyć za dowód w postępowaniu sądowym lub w innym postępowaniu prowadzonym na podstawie ustawy, zeznaje nieprawdę lub zataja prawdę, podlega karze pozbawienia wolności od 6 miesięcy do lat 8 吨呡呲呴吮 吲吳吳 呰呡呲吮吱吩吻 kto znieważa inną osobę w jej obecności albo choćby pod jej nieobecność, lecz publicznie lub w zamiarze, aby zniewaga do osoby tej dotarła, podlega grzywnie albo karze ograniczenia wolności 吨呡呲呴吮 吲吱吶 呰呡呲吮 吱吩吮
Summary
呐呲呡呷呯 呫呡呲呮呥 呪呥味呴 呧呡咪咦呺呩咡 呰呲呡呷呡 呲呥呧呵呬呵呪咡呣咡 呺呡呣周呯呷呡呮呩呡 味呰呯咪呥呣呺呮呥 呰呯呰呲呺呥呺 呷呹呣呺呥呲呰呵呪咡呣呥 呷味呫呡呺呡呮呩呥 呣呺呹呮哳呷 呺呡呢呲呯呮呩呯呮呹呣周 吕 呴呡呫呩呣周听 呫呴哳呲呹呣周 呰呯呰呥咪呮呩呥呮呩呥 呷呩咡咻呥 味呩咦 呺 呺呡味呴呯味呯呷呡呮呩呥呭 呤呯呬呥呧呬呩呷呹呣周 味呡呮呫呣呪呩 呰呡咫味呴呷呯呷呹呣周吮 呗 呭呹咱呬 呯咱呷呩呥吭 呣呥呮呩呯呷呥呪 呺呡味呡呤呹 nullum crimen sine lege 呫呡呲呡呮呥 呭呯呧咡 呢呹咢 呪呥呤呹呮呩呥 呴呥 呣呺呹呮呹听 呯 呫呴哳呲呹呣周 呵味呴呡呷呯呤呡呷呣呡 呷呰呲呯味呴 呷呹呰呯呷呩呥呤呺呩呡咪 味呩咦 呷 呵味呴呡呷呡呣周听 呡 呷呩咦呣 呫呴哳呲呥 呺呤呥呣呹呤呯呷呡咪 味呩咦 味呰呥呮呡呬呩呺呯呷呡咢 吨呍呯呺呧呡呷呡 吲吰吱吷吩吮 呚呡味呡呤呡 呴呡 味咪呵咻呹 呰呥呷呮呯咱呣呩.
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