Prévalence des complications chroniques de la drépanocytose au CHU de Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Abstract

This is a descriptive cross-sectional unicentric study, with a prospective collection of data on the frequency of chronic complications of sickle cell disease in patients monitored at Souro Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso in the department of medicine conducted from April 1, 2017 to July 31, 2018. Patients with confirmed adult sickle cell disease, at least 16 years of age, who had given oral consent, was seen at least twice in the inter-critical period during the study, and who had performed a biological and / or radiological screening for chronic complications. Out of 144 sickle cell patients seen, 79 met our inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 28.8 ± 10.3 years with extremes of 16 and 63 years. Females predominated in 68% of cases (N = 54). Sickle cells were of SC phenotype in 68% of cases, SS in 24%, Sβ + in 5% of cases and Sβ0 in 3% of cases. The overall prevalence of complications was 54% (43/79), 68% (13/19) in SS individuals and 50% in SC individuals (27/54). The observed chronic complications were ocular, bony, renal, cardiac, cutaneous respectively in 19%, 13%, 6.3%, 5% and 4% of cases, biliary and neurological in 3% each, ENT and pulmonary in 1.3% each. The mean age of patients with at least one chronic complication was 30.9 ± 10.4 years; it was 32.1 ± 10.3 years old in the SC and 25.3 ± 7.8 years old in the SS. Complications were unique in 72%, double in 23% and triple in 5%. The prevalence of chronic complications of sickle cell disease is high in patients with major sickle cell syndrome. Systematic screening and evaluation of organ damage are required to interrupt or delay their evolution.