Prévalence de l’hypertonie oculaire et du glaucome dans une population française non sélectionnée

Abstract

To measure intraocular pressure (IOP) in a large human sample and to assess the prevalence of glaucoma with elevated IOP and ocular hypertension (OHT) in this population. We measured IOP in 2,074 subjects (men: women: 1,384: 690). If the IOP was higher than 20 mmHg, a photograph of the optic disc was taken and the visual field was examined. The optic nerve head and the visual field were evaluated in 395 individuals. In men aged 18-39 years, mean IOP was 15.5+/-3.1 mmHg and 16.4+/-3.5 mmHg after 60 years of age. In women, IOP reached 14.5+/-3.3 and 15.9+/-3.1 mmHg, respectively. IOP greater than 21 mmHg was found in 10.1% of males and 6.4% of females. The prevalence of OHT increased with age: from 5.3% to 15.5% in men and from 3% to 7.5% in women for the same age ranges. A diagnosis of glaucoma with elevated IOP was made in 2.2% of males and 3.0% of females. The prevalence of glaucoma increased with age from 0.8% to 5.7% in men and from 0.6% to 4.7% in women under 40 years and over 60 years of age, respectively. This study confirms the increase in IOP with age and the role of aging in the prevalence of OHT and glaucoma with elevated IOP. This transversal study shows the feasibility of intraocular hypertension and glaucoma screening and prevalence assessment in a nonselected large population in France.