Abstract
ABSTRACT A comprehensive laboratory and field study was conducted at Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska to identify the cause for rapid injectivity decline and injection profile degradation in produced water injection wells and to seek remedial treatment methods to improve water injectivity. A specially designed portable core flow station was installed in the produced water treatment facility at Prudhoe Bay Field to evaluate permeability damage characteristics of produced water on reservoir core plugs and to evaluate performance of different surfactant solutions for restoring water injectivity. Test results show that Prudhoe Bay produced water caused a slow but significant permeability reduction to reservoir cores. Commercially available surfactant solutions were effective initially in restoring water injectivity when applied as slug treatments at 1 to 2% concentration levels. No surfactant solution was effective in preventing damage when injected continuously in the produced water stream at less than 50 to 100 ppm levels. Remedial acid stimulation treatments and solvent washes can restore part of the water injectivity. Study results identify the need to further improve the present produced water treatment facilities.
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