Proximodistal and caudocranial position of the insertion of the patellar ligament on the tibial tuberosity and patellar ligament length of normal stifles and stifles with grade II medial patellar luxation in small-breed dogs.

Abstract

To assess the role of the proximodistal and caudocranial relative position of the patellar ligament insertion on the tibia and patellar ligament length-to-patellar length ratio (PLL:PL) in small-breed dogs with and without grade II medial patellar luxation (MPL). Retrospective study. Dogs weighing ≤15 kg, including 43 stifles with MPL and 34 control stifles. The proximodistal and caudocranial relative position of the patellar ligament insertion was determined as a ratio using the vertical (VTT) and horizontal distance (HTT) between the tibial tuberosity insertion and the tibial plateau divided by the tibial plateau length (TPL). In addition, PLL:PL and tibial plateau angle (TPA) were determined. The VTT:TPL ratio was lower in affected stifles (95% CI: 0.86-0.94) than in the control group (0.93-1.01; p=.01). No other difference was identified between affected and normal stifles. The only difference identified in this study consisted of a more proximal position of the patellar ligament insertion in the stifles of small-breed dogs with grade II MPL. The more proximal position of the patellar ligament insertion will result in a more proximal position of the patella in the trochlear groove and may contribute to the development of MPL. Potentially, this will also affect the risk of recurrence of MPL after surgical treatment.