Abstract
Background: One of the uses of Crescentia cujete leaves is in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, which necessitated the evaluation of its chemical composition.Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the chemical composition of C. cujete leaves.Setting: Fresh, mature leaves were harvested from the Herbal Garden, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Nigeria. The plant samples were identified at Forest Herbarium, Ibadan, Nigeria, sorted to eliminate extraneous matter and then air-dried on a cabinet dryer for five days at ambient temperature and oven-dried at 40°C for five minutes. The dried leaves were milled to powder using a medium-sized milling machine and stored in an air-tight container until needed for analysis.Methods: The proximate composition, phytochemical screening and mineral analysis were determined using standard analytic methods. Minerals such as iron, zinc, calcium, manganese and magnesium were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer; sodium and potassium by the flame photometer and phosphorus by the spectrophotometer.Results: The proximate analysis results revealed that the samples contained carbohydrate (40.46%), crude protein (16.15%), crude fibre (19.71%), crude fat (2.91%), ash (9.77%) and moisture (11.03%), while the phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones and flavonoids. The mineral compositions (mg/g) decreased in the order Ca (6.0) > K (5.0) > Mg (2.2) > P (1.5) > Na (0.2) > Fe = Zn (0.6) > Cu = Mn (0.03).Conclusion: These results conceivably indicate that C. cujete is a good source of essential minerals and phyto-nutrients which possess strong pharmacological activities, providing scientific credence for its therapeutic usage in folklore medicine.
Highlights
Medicinal plants are the source of many important drugs of the modern world
The analyses of proximate composition of C. cujete leaves as shown in Table 1 revealed that carbohydrate was the most abundant (40.48 ± 0.11) followed by crude protein (16.08 ± 0.17), while crude fat was the least (2.92 ± 0.02)
Results for the mineral composition of C. cujete leaves shown in Table 3 revealed that the leaves contain minerals in trace amounts as evidenced by the concentrations obtained
Summary
Medicinal plants are the source of many important drugs of the modern world. Many indigenous medicinal plants are used as spices in food (Okwu 1999, 2001). Crescentia cujete, commonly known as the calabash tree, is a flowering plant and native to Central and South America. It is an evergreen tropical tree belonging to the Bignoniaceae family, which can grow up to a height of 7.62 m and produce fruits up to 25 cm in diameter. It has simple leaves and the bark of the tree is rough. The syrup prepared from the pulp is used as a medicine for relieving disorders of the chest or respiratory tract and to cure dysentery and stomach ache. One of the uses of Crescentia cujete leaves is in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, which necessitated the evaluation of its chemical composition
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